My questions to this group of students is: Does your organization require completion of mandatory continuing education regarding cultural competence and if so, how is this education delivered?]]>
Alterations in Immunity Donna, a twenty-one-year-old nursing student, comes to her nurse practitioner in December with a five-week history of itchy eyes and nasal congestion with watery nasal discharge. She also complains of a “tickling” cough, especially at night, and she has had episodes of repetitive sneezing. She gets frequent “colds” every spring and fall. Physical Examination Vital Signs: Afebrile; respiratory rate, pulse, and blood pressure all normal Skin: Flaking erythematous rash on the flexor surfaces of both arms Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat: Tender overmaxillary sinuses; sclera red and slightly swollen with frequent tearing; outer nares with red, irritated skin; internal nares with red, boggy, moist mucosa and one medium-sized polyp on each side; pharynx slightly erythematous, with clear postnasal drainage Lungs: Clear to auscultation and percussion Answer the questions about Donna and her condition and provide a pathophysiological response in the body. Examine and describe the pathophysiology associated with the possible disease.
- What is the possible disease process according to the client’s history?
- What assessment questions would be useful to ask about her medical and family history?
- What evidence suggests that Donna does not have an acute severe infection?
- If Donna has allergic rhinitis, what type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved?
Discussion Question Answer: According to Melynk and Fineout- Overholt (2014) a theoretical or conceptual framework is a number of statements that attempt to explain, and or predict a phenomenon. This is important to provide a framework for selecting the variables of the study and how the related to one another, allowing the researcher to develop interventions. Utilizing a theory or framework will help provide a foundation for designing and planning strategies for intervention and selecting tools that are not random. Using a theory helps explain the reason why the interventions will work and is a critical step planning the interventions (Sales, Smith, Curran, Kochevar, 2006). They help and offer different perspectives on how to translate research into practice. I believe the benefit is great when incorporating a framework or theory. According to Melnyk and Fineout – Overholt (2014) utlizing a clear theoretical framework is driving the study hypotheses and intervention, and the relationship between the purposed study variables (p.503). The framework is helping guide the direction of the study, they assist the nurse or clinician through the change practices and help strengthen the decisions to implement the evidence based change into practice. Because we are setting the foundation, while it takes time, it is highly beneficial to the person who is trying to implement the change. Change models help the clinicians implement the change but also use strategies to disseminate knowledge, identify barriers, stakeholders, and activities that will help sustain the change (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2014). All of these are important when implementing any type of change. This is another reason why a model or theory is important in the EBP process. Original Question: Why is it important to incorporate a theory or model related to change when implementing practice changes? Does the benefit of incorporating a change model outweigh the time and effort it took to include it?]]>