Journaling Activity

Journal 3

Complete Journaling Activity 8-1 on pg. 259. Answer the 2 questions using the assessment tools found in the chapter and document your findings to be handed in to the instructor at the end of the Community class.
1. In your clinical Journal, describe a situation you have encounter when doing Health screening or health promotion activities.
a) What did you learn from this experience
b) How will you practice differently based in this experience?
2. In your clinical journal, describe a situation in which you have observed infant or children not receiving the disease prevention or health promotion services that they needed
a) How could or would you like to advocate for this issue when you begin to practice as an RN?
b) What could you do now?
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PLANNED CHANGE IN A NURSING DEPARTMENT OR UNIT

PLANNED CHANGE IN A NURSING DEPARTMENT OR UNIT

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Application: Planned Change in a Department or Unit
Health care organizations are continuously immersed in change from the emergence of new policies, to promote quality care and improve patient safety to keeping pace with the rapid growth in knowledge and best practices. Establishing a solid framework for planning and implementing change is a wise move, as it provides a foundation for the extensive coordination that will be needed to successfully facilitate the change.
For this Assignment, you propose a change at the nursing department or unit level and develop a plan for guiding the change effort.
To prepare:
Review Chapter 8 in the course text. Focus on Kurt Lewin’s change theory, and contrast it with other classic change models and strategies.
Reflect on problems, inefficiencies, and critical issues within a specific department, unit, or area in your organization or one with which you are familiar. Select one issue as a focal point for this assignment, and consider a change that could be made to address the issue.
Think about how the change would align with the organization’s mission, vision, and values as well as relevant professional standards.
Using one of the change models or strategies discussed in Chapter 8, begin formulating a plan for implementing the change within the department/unit. Outline the steps that you and/or others should follow to facilitate the change effort. Align these steps to the change model or strategy you selected
Determine who should be involved in initiating and managing the change. Consider the skills and characteristics that are necessary to facilitate this change effort.
To complete:
Write a 3- to 5-page paper that addresses the following:
Identify a problem, inefficiency, or issue within a specific department/unit.
Describe a specific, realistic change that could be made to address the issue.
Summarize how the change would align with the organization’s mission, vision, and values as well as relevant professional…
Attachments:

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Ethical and Legal Issues Paper

Ethical and Legal Issues Paper
Read one of the following.

Stefaniak, M., & Mazurkiewicz, B. (2017). The importance of adhering to high standards of research ethics. British Journal of Nursing, 26(1), 62. http://proxy.chamberlain.edu:8080/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=120706824&site=eds-live&scope=site (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Feeney, S., & Freeman, N. K. (2016). Ethical issues: Responsibilities and dilemmas. YC: Young Children, 71(1), 86. http://proxy.chamberlain.edu:8080/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=114680496&site=eds-live (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Questions for first article:

  1. Describe one reason for adhering to high standards in ethics.
  2. What are the dangers of conflict of interest?

Questions for second article:

  1. Discuss the difference between ethical responsibility and ethical dilemma.
  2. Share an experience of ethical dilemma or moral distress in nursing today.

Ethical and Legal Issues Paper

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Treating Childhood Abuse

Week 4: Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders in Childhood

“He was drunk again, so I should have known better. I should have stayed away from the house, but that would have made him madder. He has done this before, but not nearly this bad. He broke my wrist as I was protecting my mom. The neighbor heard the screaming and called the cops. They hauled him away, but I know he will be back. She always lets him come back.”
Avery, age 14

In August of 2005, thousands of children lost their homes in Hurricane Katrina. On December 14, 2012, the students at Sandy Hook Elementary School experienced the death of 20 of their classmates and six of their teachers. Every day, children experience physical and sexual abuse and neglect by their parents or caregivers. These types of trauma have a lifelong impact on the children involved and those witnessing the events. As much as we try to prevent unwanted childhood trauma and stressors, the phenomena are present in our culture. Childhood trauma is a significant contributor to both physical and mental health problems in children and adults. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.
This week, you examine several cases of child abuse and neglect, and you recommend strategies for assessing for abuse. You analyze influences of media and social media on mental health and evaluate the need for mandatory reporting of abuse. You also submit your Practicum Journal and Assignments.
ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER NOW

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

  • Chapter 31, “Child Psychiatry” (pp. 1216–1226)

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.

  • “Trauma- and Stressor-related Disorders”

Note: You will access this book from the Walden Library databases.

Pfefferbaum, B., & Shaw, J. A. (2013). Practice parameter on disaster preparedness. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(11), 1224–1238. Retrieved from http://www.jaacap.com/article/S0890-8567(13)00550-9/pdf

American Psychiatric Nurses Association. (2017). Childhood and adolescent trauma. Retrieved from http://www.apna.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageID=4545

Document: Childhood Abuse Case Study (PDF)

Stahl, S. M. (2014). Prescriber’s Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using the link. This link will take you to a login page for the Walden Library. Once you log in to the library, the Stahl website will appear. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.
 
To access information on the following medications, click on The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th Ed. tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate medication.

Review the following medications:

Posttraumatic stress disorder
citalopram
clonidine
desvenlafaxine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
mirtazapine
nefazodone
paroxetine
prazosin (nightmares)
propranolol (prophylactic)
sertraline
venlafaxine

Note: Many of these medications are FDA approved for adults only. Some are FDA approved for disorders in children and adolescents. Many are used “off label” for the disorders examined in this week. As you read the Stahl drug monographs, focus your attention on FDA approvals for children/adolescents (including “ages” for which the medication is approved, if applicable) and further note which drugs are “off label.” Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.

Optional Resources

Thapar, A., Pine, D. S., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., & Taylor, E. A. (2015). Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.

  • Chapter 50, “Provision of Intensive Treatment: Intensive Outreach, Day Units, and In-Patient Units” (pp. 648–664)
  • Chapter 58, “Disorders of Attachment and Social Engagement Related to Deprivation” (pp. 795–805)
  • Chapter 59, “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder” (pp. 806–821)
  • Chapter 64, “Suicidal Behavior and Self-Harm” (pp. 893–912)

In 2012, statistics in the United States indicated that state CPS agencies received 3.4 million referrals for child abuse and neglect. Of these, nearly 700,000 children were found to be victims of maltreatment: 18% were victims of physical abuse and 78% were victims of neglect (CDC, 2014). Child sexual abuse makes up roughly 10% of child maltreatment cases in the United States (CDC, 2014). The CDC considers sexual abuse at any age a form of violence. Child abuse of any kind can lead to an increased state of inflammatory markers in adulthood, as well as multiple physical illnesses and high-risk behavior such as alcoholism and drug abuse. If a PMHNP identifies child abuse, there may be a need to report the abuse to authorities. Once able to provide treatment, the PMHNP can be instrumental in reducing the long-term effects of child abuse. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.
In this Discussion, you recommend strategies for assessing for abuse and analyze influences of media and social media on mental health. You also evaluate the need for mandatory reporting of abuse.

Learning Objectives

Students will:
  • Recommend strategies for assessing for abuse
  • Analyze influences of media and social media on mental health
  • Evaluate the need for mandatory reporting of abuse

To Prepare for this Discussion:

  • Read the Learning Resources concerning treating childhood abuse.
  • Read the Child Abuse Case Study in the Learning Resources.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit! Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.

By Day 3

Post:

  • What strategies would you employ to assess the patient for abuse? Explain why you selected these strategies.
  • How might exposure to the media and/or social media affect the patient?
  • What type of mandatory reporting (if any) is required in this case? Why?

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues by providing at least two ways that their strategies may be expanded or improved.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 4 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6

To participate in this Discussion:
Week 4 Discussion

Assignment 1: Practicum: Week 1 Practicum Journal

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment. Refer to Week 1 for additional guidance.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
  • Click the Week 4 Assignment 1 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
  • Click the Week 4 Assignment 1 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
  • Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
  • If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.
  • Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 4 Assignment 1 Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:
Submit your Week 4 Assignment 1 draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7

To submit your Assignment:
Week 4 Assignment 1

Assignment 2: Practicum: Week 3 Decision Tree

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment. Refer to Week 3 for additional guidance.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK4Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
  • Click the Week 4 Assignment 2 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
  • Click the Week 4 Assignment 2 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
  • Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK4Assgn2+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
  • If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
  • Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.
Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 4 Assignment 2 Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:
Submit your Week 4 Assignment 2 draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7

To submit your Assignment:
Week 4 Assignment 2

Assignment 3: Board Vitals

This week you will be responding to twenty Board Vitals questions that cover a broad review of your Nurse Practitioner program courses up to this point.
These review questions will provide practice that is critical in your preparation for the national certification exam that’s required to certify you to practice as a nurse practitioner. These customized test questions are designed to help you prepare for your Nurse Practitioner certification exam. It is in your best interest to take your time, do your best, and answer each question to the best of your ability.
You can access Board Vitals through the link sent to you in email or by following the link below:
https://www.boardvitals.com/
By Day 7
Complete the Board Vitals questions.

Practicum Reminder

Time Logs

You are required to keep a log of the time you spend related to your practicum experience and enter every patient you see each day. You can access your time log from the Welcome Page in your Meditrek account. You track time individually for each patient you work with. Please make sure to continuously input your hours throughout the term. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse.

Making Connections

This week, you examined several cases of child abuse and neglect and recommended strategies for assessing for abuse. You analyzed influences of media and social media on mental health and evaluated the need for mandatory reporting of abuse. You also submitted your Practicum Journal and Assignments.
Next week, you analyze case studies to determine the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders. Discussion: Treating Childhood Abuse

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Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Research Evidence Appraisal Tool

Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Research Evidence Appraisal Tool

Evidence Level and Quality:_______________________

Article Title:
 
 

 Number: 
Author(s): 
 		 PublicationDate:
Journal: 
 
Setting: 
 		 Sample(Composition&size):
 Does this evidence address my EBP question?
 
 		 £Yes  £NoDo not proceed with appraisal of this evidence
Level of Evidence (Study Design)
 
 		 £Yes
 
£Yes
£Yes
 
£Yes
 		 £No
 
£No
£No
 
£No
 
B.  Is this a summary of multiple research studies? If No, go to Non-Research Evidence Appraisal Form.
 
1.     Does it employ a comprehensive search strategy and rigorous appraisal method (Systematic Review)?  If No, use Non-Research Evidence Appraisal Tool; if Yes:
 
a.     Does it combine and analyze results from the studies to generate a new statistic (effect size)? (Systematic review with meta-analysis)
b.    Does it analyze and synthesize concepts from qualitative studies? (Systematic review with meta-synthesis)
 
If Yes to either a or b, go to #2B below.
 
2.     For Systematic Reviews and Systematic Reviews with meta-analysis or meta-synthesis:
a.     Are all studies included RCTs?
 
b.    Are the studies a combination of RCTs and quasi-experimental or
quasi-experimental only?
 
c.     Are the studies a combination of RCTs, quasi-experimental and
non-experimental or non-experimental only?
 
d.    Are any or all of the included studies qualitative?
 
 
complete THENEXT SECTION,“STUDY FINDINGS THAT HELP YOU ANSWER THE EBP QUESTION”		   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
£ LEVEL  I
 
 
£ LEVEL II
 
 
£ LEVEL IIl
 
£ LEVEL IIl
 		  
£Yes
 
 
 
£Yes
 
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
 
 
 		  
£No
 
 
 
£No
 
 
£No
 
£No
 
 
 
 

NOW COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING PAGE, “QUALITY APPRAISAL OF RESEARCH STUDIES”, AND ASSIGN A QUALITY SCORE TO YOUR ARTICLE

Quality Appraisal of Research Studies
·         Does the researcher identify what is known and not known about the problem and how the study will address any gaps in knowledge?·         Was the purpose of the study clearly presented?
·         Was the literature review current (most sources within last 5 years or classic)?
·         Was sample size sufficient based on study design and rationale?
·         If there is a control group:
o    Were the characteristics and/or demographics similar in both the control and intervention groups?
o    If multiple settings were used, were the settings similar?
o    Were all groups equally treated except for the interventiongroup(s)?
·         Are data collection methods described clearly?
·         Were the instruments reliable (Cronbach’s α [alpha]> 0.70)?
·         Was instrument validity discussed?
·         If surveys/questionnaires were used, was the response rate >25%?
·         Were the results presented clearly?
·         If tables were presented, was the narrative consistent with the table content?
·         Were study limitations identified and addressed?
·         Were conclusions based on results?		 £Yes
£Yes
£Yes
£Yes
 
 
£Yes
£Yes
£Yes
£Yes
 
£Yes
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
 		 £No
£No
£No
£No
 
 
£No
£No
£No
£No
 
£No
£No
 
£No
 
£No
 
£No
 
£No
 
£No
 		  
 
 
 
 
 
£NA
£NA
£NA
 
 
£NA
£NA
 
£NA
 
 
 
£NA
 
Quality Appraisal of Systematic Review with or without Meta-Analysis or Meta-Synthesis
·         Was the purpose of the systematic review clearly stated?·         Were reports comprehensive, with reproducible search strategy?
o  Key search terms stated
o  Multiple databases searchedand identified
o  Inclusion and exclusion criteria stated
·         Was there a flow diagram showing the number of studies eliminated at each level of review?
·         Were details of included studies presented (design, sample, methods, results, outcomes, strengths and limitations)?
·         Were methods for appraising the strength of evidence (level and quality) described?
·         Were conclusions based on results?
o    Results were interpreted
o   Conclusions flowed logically from the interpretation and systematic review question
·         Did the systematic review include both a section addressing limitations and how they were addressed?		 £Yes£Yes
£Yes
£Yes
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
 
£Yes
£Yes
£Yes
 
£Yes		 £No£No
£No
£No
£No
 
£No
 
£No
 
£No
 
£No
£No
£No
 
£No

Quality Rating Based on quality appraisal

AHigh quality:  consistent, generalizable results; sufficient sample size for the study design; adequate control; definitive conclusions; consistent recommendations based on comprehensiveliterature review that includes thorough reference to scientific evidence
BGood quality: reasonably consistent results; sufficient sample size for the study design; some control, and fairly definitive conclusions; reasonably consistent recommendations based on fairly comprehensive literature review that includes some reference to scientific evidence
C  Low quality or major flaws: little evidence with inconsistent results; insufficient sample size for the study design; conclusions cannot be drawn
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Marriage and Family Counselor’s Role in Pharmacological Treatments

Marriage and Family Counselor’s Role in Pharmacological Treatments
Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper that addresses critical aspects of the marriage and family counselor’s role relationship to the prescription and monitoring of pharmacological treatments for mental health issues. Address the following issues:
•Communication practices between marriage and family therapists and prescribers of pharmacological treatments for shared clients
•Sociocultural concerns and issues related to psychopharmacology for diverse populations
•Ethical concerns and issues in the provision of counseling for clients undergoing pharmacological treatments for mental health issues
•Necessary competencies for marriage and family therapists in providing services to clients undergoing pharmacological treatments for diagnosed mental health conditions
Include a minimum of 3 peer-reviewed references.
Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

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Distinguish between the terms emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

Discussion
The instabilities in Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America have triggered an unprecedented migratory flow throughout the world. Recent national and international border management measures are affecting migration patterns and posing different challenges to the health systems response to large influxes of refugees and migrants to both the United States and European Union Member States. Countries have had to respond to massive influxes of transiting migrants in the last years, and all are faced with populations staying in the country for longer periods. International adoptions have also contributed to the permanent relocation of significant numbers of children from a variety of countries especially to the United States. Refugees and migrants are a heterogeneous group and health care systems must be prepared to respond to their diverse needs.
The first background paper explaining current migration statistics to the European Union is an analysis from the BBC World Service. The second paper by Darr and Conn reviews the importation and transmission of infectious diseases resulting from human movement and migration. The third and fourth papers attempt to assess the spectrum of imported diseases likely to accompany migrants. A background paper is also included which discusses the impact of climate change on human infectious diseases.
DISCUSSION PROMPTS
· Distinguish between the terms emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
· What types of endemic diseases might come from the areas of the world contributing to the current migration patterns? Be sure to name both the specific areas and describe the diseases.
· What types of public health interventions might such groups need in order to address the issues of emerging and re-emerging disease?
· 1.5 page. Follow the APA format.

Reading:

· https://elearn.une.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-236274-dt-forum-rid-15646326_1/courses/1015-201900-BIOL-1020L-06N/Emerging%20and%20Reemerging%20Neglected%20Tropical%20Diseases%20-%20a%20Review%202014.pdf
· https://elearn.une.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-236274-dt-forum-rid-15646327_1/courses/1015-201900-BIOL-1020L-06N/Emerging%20infectious%20diseases%20with%20cutaneous%20manifestations%202016.pdf
· https://elearn.une.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-236274-dt-forum-rid-15646334_1/courses/1015-201900-BIOL-1020L-06N/Impact%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20human%20infectious%20diseases%20-%20Empirical%20evidence%20and%20human%20adaptation%202016.pdf
· https://elearn.une.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-236274-dt-forum-rid-15646335_1/courses/1015-201900-BIOL-1020L-06N/Importation%20and%20Transmission%20of%20Parasitic%20and%20Other%20Infectious%20Diseases%20-%20Review%202015.pdf
· https://elearn.une.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-236274-dt-forum-rid-15646341_1/courses/1015-201900-BIOL-1020L-06N/Strategies%20in%20Infectious%20Disease%20Prevention%20and%20Management%20Among%20US-Bound%20Refugee%20Children%202014.pdf

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Response to teacher pahophysiology

6564 Topic: Response to teacher pahophysiology
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 3
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Academic Level:Master
Category:   Nursing VIP Support: N/A
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: ATTACHED

#776564 Topic: Response to teacher pahophysiology Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced) Number of sources: 3 Writing Style: APA Type of document: Essay Academic Level:Master Category: Nursing VIP Support: N/A Language Style: English (U.S.) Order Instructions: Thanks for your detailed post on the different types of pain. One factor to take into consideration with pain is age. With older adults, the most common causes of pain are musculoskeletal disorders. Pain may be chronic and is often multifactorial. The cause of pain may not always be clear. Treatment of pain in the elderly can be complicated. NSAIDs pose a risk for ulcers & GI bleed. The risk depends on drug dose and duration of therapy. When elderly patients are treated with NSAIDs the concomitant use of cytoprotective drugs, such as a proton pump inhibitor, may help reduce risk of ulcer or GI bleed. Indomethacin should be avoided in elderly since it may cause confusion in the elderly patient. Opioids have a longer half-life and may have a greater analgesic effect on older adults. Other problems with opioids includes constipation and urinary retention. What are some safe treatment options for pain in older adults?

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Definition of Epidemiology

Epidemiology Assignment 3

Section 1: Definition of Epidemiology
https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section1.html
Lesson 1: Introduction to Epidemiology
In fact, epidemiology is often described as the basic science of public health, and for good reason. First, epidemiology is a quantitative discipline that relies on a working knowledge of probability, statistics, and sound research methods. Second, epidemiology is a method of causal reasoning based on developing and testing hypotheses grounded in such scientific fields as biology, behavioral sciences, physics, and ergonomics to explain health-related behaviors, states, and events. However, epidemiology is not just a research activity but an integral component of public health, providing the foundation for directing practical and appropriate public health action based on this science and causal reasoning.(2)
A. Distribution
Epidemiology is concerned with the frequency and pattern of health events in a population:
a. Frequency refers not only to the number of health events such as the number of cases of meningitis or diabetes in a population, but also to the relationship of that number to the size of the population. The resulting rate allows epidemiologists to compare disease occurrence across different populations.
b. Pattern refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person. Time patterns may be annual, seasonal, weekly, daily, hourly, weekday versus weekend, or any other breakdown of time that may influence disease or injury occurrence. Place patterns include geographic variation, urban/rural differences, and location of work sites or schools. Personal characteristics include demographic factors which may be related to risk of illness, injury, or disability such as age, sex, marital status, and socioeconomic status, as well as behaviors and environmental exposures.
Characterizing health events by time, place, and person are activities of descriptive epidemiology, discussed in more detail later in this lesson.
B. Determinants
Determinant: any factor, whether event, characteristic, or other definable entity, that brings about a change in a health condition or other defined characteristic.
Epidemiology is also used to search for determinants, which are the causes and other factors that influence the occurrence of disease and other health-related events. Epidemiologists assume that illness does not occur randomly in a population, but happens only when the right accumulation of risk factors or determinants exists in an individual. To search for these determinants, epidemiologists use analytic epidemiology or epidemiologic studies to provide the “Why” and “How” of such events. They assess whether groups with different rates of disease differ in their demographic characteristics, genetic or immunologic make-up, behaviors, environmental exposures, or other so-called potential risk factors. Ideally, the findings provide sufficient evidence to direct prompt and effective public health control and prevention measures.
C. Application
Epidemiology is not just “the study of” health in a population; it also involves applying the knowledge gained by the studies to community-based practice. Like the practice of medicine, the practice of epidemiology is both a science and an art. To make the proper diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment for a patient, the clinician combines medical (scientific) knowledge with experience, clinical judgment, and understanding of the patient. Similarly, the epidemiologist uses the scientific methods of descriptive and analytic epidemiology as well as experience, epidemiologic judgment, and understanding of local conditions in “diagnosing” the health of a community and proposing appropriate, practical, and acceptable public health interventions to control and prevent disease in the community.
Challenge 1: Below are three key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology, followed by a list of activities that an epidemiologist might perform. Match the term to the activity that best describes it. You should match only one term per activity.
Distribution
Determinants
Application
1. ____ Recommend that close contacts of a child recently reported with Hepatitis A receive a an injection of gamma-globulin.
2. Salmonella and those without.
____ Compare food histories between persons with a food poisoning caused by
3. ____ Graph the number of cases of congenital HIV infections by year for the country
4. ____ Compare frequency of brain cancer among anatomists with frequency in general population
5 ____ Tabulate the frequency of clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings among children with chickenpox in Bridgeport, CT.
6. ____ Mark on a map the residences of all children suffering from with leukemia within 2 miles of a hospital incinerator.
Section 2: Historical Evolution of Epidemiology
https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section2.html
Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
In the mid-1800s, an anesthesiologist named John Snow was conducting a series of investigations in London that warrant his being considered the “father of field epidemiology.” Twenty years before the development of the microscope, Snow conducted studies of cholera outbreaks both to discover the cause of disease and to prevent its recurrence. Because his work illustrates the classic sequence from descriptive epidemiology to hypothesis generation to hypothesis testing (analytic epidemiology) to application, two of his investigations will be described in detail.
Snow conducted one of his now famous studies in 1854 when an epidemic of cholera erupted in the Golden Square of London.(5) He began his investigation by determining where in this area persons with cholera lived and worked. He marked each residence on a map of the area, as shown in Figure 1.1. Today, this type of map, showing the geographic distribution of cases, is called a spot map.
Because Snow believed that water was a source of infection for cholera, he marked the location of water pumps on his spot map, then looked for a relationship between the distribution of households with cases of cholera and

Figure 1.1 Spot map of deaths from cholera in Golden Square area, London, 1854 (redrawn from original)
Source: Snow J. Snow on cholera. London: Humphrey Milford: Oxford University Press; 1936.
the location of pumps. He noticed that more case households clustered around Pump A, the Broad Street pump, than around Pump B or C. When he questioned residents who lived in the Golden Square area, he was told that they avoided Pump B because it was grossly contaminated, and that Pump C was located too inconveniently for most of them. From Figure 1.1 Spot map of deaths from cholera in Golden Square area, London, 1854 (redrawn from original) this information, Snow concluded that the Broad Street pump (Pump A) was the primary source of water and the most likely source of infection for most persons with cholera in the Golden Square area. He noted with curiosity, however, that no cases of cholera had occurred in a two-block area just to the east of the Broad Street pump. Upon investigating, Snow found a brewery located there with a deep well on the premises. Brewery workers got their water from this well, and also received a daily portion of malt liquor. Access to these uncontaminated rations could explain why none of the brewery’s employees contracted cholera.
To confirm that the Broad Street pump was the source of the epidemic, Snow gathered information on where persons with cholera had obtained their water. Consumption of water from the Broad Street pump was the one common factor among the cholera patients. After Snow presented his findings to municipal officials, the handle of the pump was removed and the outbreak ended. The site of the pump is now marked by a plaque mounted on the wall outside of the appropriately named John Snow Pub.
Briefly explain (in 2-3 sentences) how epidemiologist John Snow discovered the origin of the cholera outbreak in 1854, London.
Look at the map. From this information, Snow was able to deduce the primary source of contaminated water and the most likely source of infection for most persons with cholera in the Golden Square area. How did he make this determination?
He noted with curiosity, however, that no cases of cholera had occurred in one area in the Golden Square area. Upon investigating, Snow found a brewery located there with a deep well on the premises. Brewery workers got their water from this well, and also received a daily portion of malt liquor. Access to these uncontaminated rations could explain why none of the brewery’s employees contracted cholera. Where was the brewery?
Section 4: Core Epidemiologic Functions
https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section4.html
The following are Core Functions used by epidemiologists to solve epidemics. An example of each is given below.
Public health surveillance
Field investigation
Analytic studies
Evaluation
E. Linkages
F. Policy development
A. Public health surveillance Reviewing reports of test results for Chlamydia trachomatis from public health clinics
B. Field investigation Interviewing persons infected with Chlamydia to identify their sex partners
C. Analytic studies Comparing persons with symptomatic versus asymptomatic Chlamydia infection to iden- tify predictors
D. Evaluation Conducting an analysis of patient flow at the public health clinic to determine waiting times for clinic patients
E. Linkages Meeting with directors of family planning clinics and college health clinics to discuss Chlamydia testing and reporting
F. Policy development
Developing guidelines/criteria about which patients coming to the clinic should be screened (tested) for Chlamydia infection
Challenge 3: Your goal is to go back to Section 2 above, read the description of John Snow’s research on the cholera epidemic. Now identify an example of each of these core epidemiological functions that Snow used in his study. Choose 3 of the 6 Core Functions.
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Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Week 10: Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery

Jill Joyce experienced years of back pain that prevented her from completing even the most basic tasks. Bulging discs and degenerative changes in her spine were affecting nerve function, which caused pain that could be alleviated only with surgery (Healthy Life, 2008). Like Jill’s back pain, many conditions related to neurology, orthopedics, and plastic/reconstructive surgery may affect patients’ function and mobility. In your role as advanced practice nurse, you must not only diagnose and treat these patients but also help them manage changes in their function and mobility. Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Learning Objectives

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By the end of this week, students will:
  • Evaluate medical and surgical patients with conditions related to neurology, orthopedics, and plastic/reconstructive surgery
  • Develop differential diagnoses for medical and surgical patients with conditions related to neurology, orthopedics, and plastic/reconstructive surgery
  • Develop treatment plans for medical and surgical patients with conditions related to neurology, orthopedics, and plastic/reconstructive surgery

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Colyar, M. R. (2015). Advanced practice nursing procedures (1st ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
 

  • Chapter 28, “Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy”
  • Chapter 29, “ Lumbar Puncture”
  • Chapter 31, “Arthrocentesis”
  • Chapter 32, “Assessment for Compartment Syndrome and Pressure Testing”
  • Chapter 35, “Dislocation Reduction”
  • Chapter 36, “Ganglion Cyst Aspiration and Injection”

Doherty, G. M. (2015). Current diagnosis and treatment: Surgery (14th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

  • Chapter 36, “Neurosurgery”
  • Chapter 40, “Orthopedic Surgery”
  • Chapter 41, “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery”
  • Chapter 42, “Hand Surgery”

Weber, E. C., Vilensky, J. A., & Fog, A. M. (2013). Practical radiology: A symptom-based approach. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
 

  • Chapter 2, “Shoulder, Pelvis, and Limbs”
  • Chapter 3, “Spine and Spinal Cord”
  • Chapter 4, “Brain”
  • Chapter 11, “Imaging of Bone Disease and Endocrine Disorders”

Kuntz, A. F., Lai, W.-S., Norton, P. T., Yao, L. L., & Gay, S. B. (2013). Skeletal trauma radiology. Retrieved from http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/ext/index.html

Shonka, D. C., Gay, S. B., Marx, W. F., Frederick, J. A., Vu, Q. D. M., Higginbotham, J., … Rehm, P. K. (2013). Introduction to head CT. Retrieved from http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/headct/index.html

Required Media

i-Human Patient Cases. (2014). Retrieved from https://ih2.i-human.com/users/sign_in

AshtonMoh. (2011). Lumbar puncture 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoUGM4wqUU0

Doe, J. (2012). Knee aspiration [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jx8HmJJOGas

Optional Resources

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2015). Broken bones & injuries. Retrieved from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/menus/injury.cfm

American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2015). Evidence-based practice guidelines and practice parameters. Retrieved from http://www.plasticsurgery.org/for-medical-professionals/legislation-and-advocacy/health-policy-resources/evidence-based-guidelinespractice-parameters.html

Boyd, A. S., Benjamin, H. J., & Asplund, C. (2009). Splints and casts: Indications and methods. American Family Physician, 80(5), 491–499. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0901/p491.html

This week, you study neurologic and orthopedic conditions with plastic surgery considerations. Both neurologic and orthopedic conditions are seen in the trauma areas of the hospital. These conditions encompass cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic aspects of care in the ICU. For this Discussion, focus on adolescent patients, and consider potential diagnoses, treatment, and/or referral options for the patients in the following 3 case studies.

Case Study 1

A 17-year-old male was celebrating his birthday with friends and alcohol. At one point he jumped into the hotel pool three stories below, hitting the side of the pool with his chest. EMS arrived and packaged him with spinal support. He arrives in the ER with breathing difficulty, chest pain, GCS 10, and O2 sat of 94%. You do initial assessment in the first 10 minutes and find that his chest is asymmetric for breathing and contusions are noted all over his chest. His CXR shows multiple rib fractures on both sides and pulmonary contusions. His cervical spine is stable in a collar. His thoracic and lumbar films are negative for fractures. In the next hours, what are your priorities, and what plan would you have for this patient as he moves to the ICU? At what stage of development is he, and how does that affect his care? Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Case Study 2

A 13-year-old female restrained passenger of a vehicle was involved in an MVA at 60 mph on the highway. The vehicle experienced a frontal impact. The patient arrived in the ER with closed fractures of the left tibia and fibula with angulation, dislocation of the right ankle, multiple pelvic fractures, and femur fracture on the left side. Her BP is 92/54 with pulse of 130. What is your plan for this patient, and what are the considerations to prevent further morbidity? At what stage of development is she, and how does that impact her care?

Case Study 3

A 19-year-old male private in the U.S. Air Force was driving with friends when they dared him to “surf the car.” He fell off the roof of the car while it was moving at a speed of approximately 40 mph. He landed face first. He is now in the ICU with a closed head injury. His intracranial pressure is elevated, and his pupillary response is slowing. At this time, what medications do you recommend, and what other medical treatments do you recommend? In addition, after the acute situation is controlled and the patient awakens, what medication do you use for his agitation?
To prepare:

  • Review and select 1 of the 3 provided case studies. Analyze the patient information.
  • Consider a differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study you selected. Think about the most likely diagnosis for the patient.
  • Think about a treatment and management plan for the patient. Be sure to consider appropriate dosages for any recommended pharmacologic and/or nonpharmacologic treatments.
  • Consider strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of the trauma care.

By Day 3

Post an explanation of the differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study you selected. Explain which is the most likely diagnosis for the patient and why. Include an explanation of unique characteristics of the disorder you identified as the primary diagnosis. Then, explain a treatment and management plan for the patient, including appropriate dosages for any recommended treatments. Finally, explain strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of neurologic and orthopedic conditions.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days in both of the ways listed below. Respond to colleagues who selected different case studies from yours.

  • Describe how culture might affect the diagnosis, management, and follow-up care of patients with the neurological, orthopedic, or plastics disorders your colleagues discussed.
  • Based on your personal and/or professional experiences, expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or different perspectives.​ Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Discussion Part II: Pharmacology

To prepare:
Read the following articles to enhance your knowledge of commonly prescribed medications:

Family Practice Notebook. (2015). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory. Retrieved from http://www.fpnotebook.com/Pharm/Analgesic/NnstrdlAntInflmtry.htm

Press, C. D. (2013, September 10). Infiltrative administration of local anesthetic agents.Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/149178-overview

All of the following groups of medications are commonly prescribed in the acute care setting. Choose one of the topics below to discuss. If it is a medication group, select a specific drug within that group. (This is a good way for you to prepare for clinical practice, because you will get to know the drugs you will prescribe for patients.). Focus your discussion on the hospital or ICU setting and IV usage.

  1. Glycopeptides
  2. Oxazolidinones (Bs)
  3. Monobactams
  4. Ansamycins
  5. Metronidazole
  6. Lincosamides (Bs)
  7. Tinidazole
  8. Lidocaine
  9. Marcaine
  10. NSAIDs

Note: When sharing your initial post, select a topic that has not yet been discussed. If all topics have been discussed, then you may select that topic again, but select a different drug within the medication group.

By Day 3

For this Discussion, address 1 of the following options:

Option 1

Post a description of a patient you have taken care of (inpatient as an RN, or as an NP student) who has been prescribed the medication you selected. Include the scenario, indication, dosing, complications, and outcome. Then explain whether or not you would have ordered the same drug and same dose. Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Option 2

Conduct an evidence-based drug search on the drug you selected and post an explanation of any possible issues. Are there any drug interactions? Any black box warnings? To what type of patient would you prescribe this medication?

Option 3

Post an explanation of the properties of the drug you selected, including usages and dosing in the hospital or ICU. Describe a patient you would prescribe this medication to. Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Note: To be considered as one of your required responses, your pharmacology rationale must include a supporting reference.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 10 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6

To participate in this Discussion:
Week 10 Discussion

Assignment: Assessing, Diagnosing, and Treating Pre- and Post-Operative Care Patients – Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery

Neurologic and orthopedic conditions and plastic/reconstructive surgery often affect patients’ function and mobility. Changes in function and mobility sometimes are subtle and might not be identified immediately, requiring you to monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms. For this Assignment, as you examine this week’s i-Human patient case study, consider how you might evaluate and treat pre- and post-operative patients who present with neurologic and orthopedic conditions and plastic/reconstructive surgery.
To prepare:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources. With neurology, orthopedics, and plastic/reconstructive surgery in mind, consider how to assess, diagnose, and treat patients in pre- and post-operative care.
  • Review this week’s i-Human case study. Based on the patient information provided, think about the health history you would need to collect from the patient. Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers
  • Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. Reflect on how the results would be used to make a diagnosis.
  • Identify three to five possible conditions to consider in a differential diagnosis for the patient.
  • Consider the patient’s diagnosis. Think about clinical guidelines that might support this diagnosis.
  • Develop a treatment plan for the patient that includes health promotion and patient education strategies for medical and surgical patients with conditions related to neurology, orthopedics, and plastic/reconstructive surgery. Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

To complete:
As you interact with this week’s i-Human patient, complete the assigned case study. For guidance on using i-Human, refer to the i-Human Patients Case Player Student Manual in the Week 2 Learning Resources.

By Day 7

This Assignment is due.

Grading Information

Week 10 i-Human Rubric

Practicum Reminder: Week 10 Time Log

Time Logs

You are required to keep a log of the time you spend related to your practicum experience and enter every patient you see each day. You can access your time log from the Welcome Page in your Meditrek account. You will track time individually for each patient you work with. Please make sure to continuously input your hours throughout the term. Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers
Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Application_Rubric

Novice Emerging Proficient
HPI Statement
0 (0%) – 5 (5%)
Poorly written HPI statement. Incomplete ideas and sentences. Lacks basic history taking skills
6 (6%) – 10 (10%)
Well written HPI statement but may be missing 1-2 key components from the history
11 (11%) – 15 (15%)
Clearly written HPI statement with comprehensive information gathering from case questions.
Objective testing and physical exam
0 (0%) – 5 (5%)
Poorly written physical examination. May be missing 3 or more key exam findings that are critical to patient’s diagnosis. Includes 3 or more inappropriate exams or tests.
6 (6%) – 10 (10%)
Well written physical examination but may be missing 1-2 key exam findings critical to patient’s diagnosis. May include 1-2 unnecessary exams or tests.
11 (11%) – 15 (15%)
Clearly written physical examination covering all critical components of a focus exam. Tests that are ordered are appropriate for patient and cost effective.
Assessment
0 (0%) – 10 (10%)
Differential diagnosis list too brief and inconclusive. May be missing 3 or more critical components. Priority list may be out of order. Primary diagnosis may be wrong.
11 (11%) – 19 (19%)
Well written differential diagnoses. May be missing 1-2 critical components. Correct primary diagnosis identified.
20 (20%) – 25 (25%)
Clearly written differential diagnoses. Primary diagnosis identified.
Plan for patient
0 (0%) – 15 (15%)
Poorly written plan. May be missing 3 or more key issues that are critical to patient’s diagnosis.
16 (16%) – 25 (25%)
Well written plan but may be missing 1-2 key issues critical to patient’s diagnosis.
26 (26%) – 30 (30%)
Clearly written plan covering all critical components for patient’s final diagnosis.
Clinical Questions
0 (0%) – 10 (10%)
Correctly answered 0-69% of the clinical question
11 (11%) – 13 (13%)
Correctly answered 70-89% of the clinical question
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
Correctly answered 90-100% of the clinical questions

 
Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

Discussion_Rubric

Outstanding Performance Excellent Performance Competent Performance Room for Improvement Poor Performance
Content-Main Posting
30 (30%) – 30 (30%)
-Main posting addresses all criteria with 75% of post exceptional depth and breadth supported by credible references
27 (27%) – 29 (29%)
-Main posting addresses all criteria with 75% of post exceptional depth and breadth supported by credible references
24 (24%) – 26 (26%)
Main posting meets expectations. All criteria are addressed with 50% containing good breadth and depth.
21 (21%) – 23 (23%)
Main posting addresses most of the criteria. One to two criterion are not addressed or superficially addressed.
0 (0%) – 20 (20%)
Main posting does not address all of criteria, superficially addresses criteria. Two or more criteria are not addressed.
Course Requirements and Attendance
20 (20%) – 20 (20%)
-Responds to two colleagues’ with posts that are reflective, are justified with credible sources, and ask questions that extend the discussion.
18 (18%) – 19 (19%)
-Responds to two colleagues’ with posts that are reflective, are justified with credible sources, and ask questions that extend the discussion.
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
Responds to a minimum of two colleagues’ posts, are reflective, and ask questions that extend the discussion. One post is justified by a credible source.
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
Responds to less than two colleagues’ posts. Posts are on topic, may have some depth, or questions. May extend the discussion. No credible sources are cited
0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
Responds to less than two colleagues’ posts. Posts may not be on topic, lack depth, do not pose questions that extend the discussion
Scholarly Writing Quality
30 (30%) – 30 (30%)
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with more than two credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. No spelling or grammatical errors. ***The use of scholarly sources or real life experiences needs to be included to deepen the discussion and earn points in reply to fellow students.
27 (27%) – 29 (29%)
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with more than two credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. No spelling or grammatical errors.
24 (24%) – 26 (26%)
-The main posting clearly addresses the discussion criteria and is written concisely. The main posting is cited with a minimum of two current credible references that adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. Contains one to two spelling or grammatical errors. Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers
21 (21%) – 23 (23%)
-The main posting is not clearly addressing the discussion criteria and is not written concisely. The main posting is cited with less than two credible references that may lack credibility and/or do not adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.
0 (0%) – 20 (20%)
-The main posting is disorganized and has one reference that may lack credibility and does not adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition or has zero credible references. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors.
Professional
Communication
Effectiveness
20 (20%) – 20 (20%)
-Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues and response to faculty questions are answered if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas effectively written in Standard Edited English -Responses posted in the discussion demonstrate effective professional communication through deep reflective discussion which leads to an exchange of ideas and focus on the weekly discussion topic.
18 (18%) – 19 (19%)
-Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. -Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas effectively written in Standard Edited English -Responses posted in the discussion demonstrate effective professional communication through deep reflective discussion which leads to an exchange of ideas and focus on the weekly discussion topic . -Responses are cited with at least one credible reference per post and a probing question that extends the discussion. Adheres to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. No spelling or grammatical errors.
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
-Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas effectively written in Standard Edited English. -Responses posted in the discussion demonstrate effective professional communication through deep reflective discussion which leads to an exchange of ideas and focus on the weekly discussion topic. -Responses are cited with at least one credible and/or contain probing questions that extends the discussion. Adheres to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. May have one to two spelling or grammatical errors.
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
-Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Provides opinions that may not be concise or ideas not effectively written in Standard Edited English. -Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication that does not extend the discussion, leads to an exchange of ideas and/or not focused on the weekly discussion topic. -Responses are not cited and/or do not contain a probing question. May not adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. May have more than two spelling or grammatical errors.
0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
-Communication may lack professional tone or be disrespectful to colleagues. Provides opinions that may not be concise or ideas not effectively written in Standard Edited English -Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication through discussion that does not extend the discussion, do not lead to an exchange of ideas and/or not focused on the weekly discussion topic. -Responses are not cited and do not contain a probing question. May not adhere to the correct format per the APA Manual 6th Edition. May have multiple spelling or grammatical errors.
Timely Submission
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
All criteria met: Initial post submitted on time. Response to two peer initial posts. Response on 3 separate days.
-5 (-5%) – 0 (0%)
5 points deducted for responding to less than two peers or 5 points deducted for responding less than three days
-10 (-10%) – -5 (-5%)
5 points deducted for responding to less than two peers and 5 points deducted for responding less than three days
-10 (-10%) – -10 (-10%)
10 points deducted for Initial post submitted late
-20 (-20%) – -15 (-15%)
Initial post submitted late and 5 points deducted for responding to less than two peers and/ or 5 points deducted for responding less than three days

Assessment and Care of Patients with Neurologic and Orthopedic Conditions and Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery Essay Assignment Papers

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