Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person

Assessing and Planning Care for an Elderly Person

In order to gain an insight into the world of elder adults, it is important to understand how they view themselves and the values they hold. Additionally it is important to assess and determine his/her needs and establish appropriate interventions for this individual.
By the due date assigned, choose an older adult to interview. This cannot be a patient in your clinical setting. You can use a friend, family member, or co-worker. The older adult should be 65 years or older. Use the format provided to record the responses. A list of questions is available for you to start with. Include 2–3 questions of your own to get a complete picture of the older adult. Summarize your findings and also contrast the responses with findings in your readings and other current literature.
Download a patient questionnaire. This form should be used as an example.
After gaining permission, conduct a physical and mental functional assessment of the older adult you have chosen. Review your readings for the process of functional assessment.
Make use of the tools discussed this week to complete a comprehensive assessment of your patient. Search the Internet for resources on these tools.

  1. Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation
  2. Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living
  3. Assessment of Home Safety
  4. The Barthel Index

Make sure the older adult is clearly identified on the tools. Do not include their name, but do include professional or other designation, and age. Your name should also be identified on the tool. (This should be a part of your Appendix.)
Compare and contrast the age-related changes of the older person you interviewed and assessed with those identified in this week’s reading assignment. During this data analysis process provide at least 4–6 preliminary issues that you have identified. Identify three alterations in health that you would propose and describe them. Identify a minimum of three comprehensive interventions for each problem.
Make sure that you integrate personal cultural awareness and cultural competency.
Paper should be 5–6 pages, not including the questionnaire or tools used. These should be attached as an Appendix. Remember to use headings to identify the different sections in your paper.
On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format.

  • Use this APA Citation Helper as a convenient reference for properly citing resources.
  • This handout will provide you the details of formatting your essay using APA style.
  • You may create your essay in this APA-formatted template.
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Health Assessment On An Older Adult

Health Assessment On An Older Adult

In this assignment, you will be completing a health assessment on an older adult. To complete this assignment, do the following:

  1. Perform a health history on an older adult. Students who do not work in an acute setting may “practice” these skills with a patient, community member, neighbor, friend, colleague, or loved one. (If an older individual is not available, you may choose a younger individual).
  2. Complete a physical examination of the client using the “Health History and Examination” assignment resource. Use the “Functional Health Pattern Assessment” resource as a guideline to assist you in completing the template.
  3. Document findings of complete physical examination in Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) format. Refer to the sample SBAR Template located on the National Nurse Leadership Council website at https://www.ihs.gov/nnlc/includes/themes/newihstheme/display_objects/documents/resources/SBARTEMPLATE.pdf as a guide.
  4. Document the findings of the physical examination in the assessment worksheet.
  5. Using the “Health History and Examination” assignment resource, provide the physical examination findings summary with planned interventions for the client. Include any community services in the interventions.

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
NRS-434VN-R-Functional-Health-Pattern-Assessment-Student.docx NRS-434VN-R-IndividualHealthHistoryandExaminationAssignment-Student.docx

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Numbers Can be Worth a Thousand Pictures: Individual Differences in Understanding Graphical and Numerical Representations of Health-Related Information

Psychology homework help
Assignment 1
Read the “Numbers Can be Worth a Thousand Pictures: Individual Differences in Understanding Graphical and Numerical Representations of Health-Related Information” article prior to answering. Informed decision making in the mental health and medical professions requires the ability to understand and effectively communicate statistical information.  For this discussion, address the following in your post:

  • Select one mental health      disorder of your choice based on a valid diagnostic category in the DSM-5.
  • Research the disorder and      locate relevant statistics obtained within the past 7 years regarding      overall prevalence, gender and age differences, and treatment options.
  • Present this information in the      discussion forum in two formats: Format 1 for individuals with high graph      literacy; Format 2: for individuals with low graphic literacy but high      numerical literacy.  Information regarding each of these two formats      is discussed in the assigned article.
  • Be sure to include your      references in your discussion post, that are formatted according to APA      style

Assignment 2
Read the articles “Applications in Social Justice Counselor Training: Classroom Without Walls” and “The Multicultural Workplace: Interactive Acculturation and Intergroup Relations” and review the APA Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations prior to considering the following scenario.
http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/policy/provider-guidelines.aspx
You are a psychologist in an urban community that has seen a 200% growth in its immigrant population over the past 3 years. Eighty-seven percent of this population speaks a language other than English at home. You work for a community mental health center, which is seeing an increase in referral from this population primarily because of the children’s interactions with the school system. The children typically become bilingual quickly. The parents are typically less fluent in English than their children; however, approximately 30% of the adults in this immigrant population are fluent in English and hold advanced degrees and middle- to upper- middle class jobs. The remaining 70% primarily hold jobs that do not require higher education although many do have degrees from their country of origin.
Based on the reading, evaluate research and practice aspects in this applied context and use elements from previous learning in your program to address the following:

  • What types of staffing and      training recommendations would you make for the community mental health      center?
  • How would you facilitate      intergroup work relations among staff at the community mental health      center?
  • Would you support the use of      the DSM-5 to diagnose clients with limited English proficiency?
  • How would you evaluate whether      or not your staff is competent to work with this population?
  • Explain the rationales for your      answers by providing evidence from the required readings.
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Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures

NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures
What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should you be prescribing drugs to this patient?
These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient. As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives on a daily basis. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. In this Discussion, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
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Scenario 1:
As a nurse practitioner, you prescribe medications for your patients. You make an error when prescribing medication to a 5-year-old patient. Rather than dosing him appropriately, you prescribe a dose suitable for an adult.
Scenario 2:
A friend calls and asks you to prescribe a medication for her. You have this autonomy, but you don’t have your friend’s medical history. You write the prescription anyway. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
Scenario 3:
You see another nurse practitioner writing a prescription for her husband who is not a patient of the nurse practitioner. The prescription is for a narcotic. You can’t decide whether or not to report the incident.
Scenario 4:
During your lunch break at the hospital, you read a journal article on pharmacoeconomics. You think of a couple of patients who have recently mentioned their financial difficulties. You wonder if some of the expensive drugs you have prescribed are sufficiently managing the patients’ health conditions and improving their quality of life. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
To prepare:

  • – Review Chapter 1 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as      well as articles from the American Nurses Association, Anderson and      Townsend, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and Philipsend and Soeken.
  • – Select one of the four scenarios listed above.
  • – Consider the ethical and legal implications of the      scenario for all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist,      patient, and the patient’s family.
  • – Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced      practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible      decision-making in this scenario. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.

With these thoughts in mind:
Post an explanation of the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. Describe two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
– This work should have Introduction and conclusion
– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)
– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources
The following Resources are not acceptable:
1. Wikipedia
2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section
3. Webmd.com
4. Mayoclinic.com
Required Readings
**Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 1, “Issues for the      Practitioner in Drug Therapy” (pp. 3–14)
    This chapter introduces issues relating to drug therapy such as adverse      drug events and medication adherence. It also explores drug safety, the      practitioner’s role and responsibilities in prescribing, and prescription      writing. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
  • Chapter 59, “The Economics      of Pharmacotherapeutics” (pp. 1009-1018)
    This chapter analyzes the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and      society and explores practice guideline compliance and current issues in      medical care.
  • Chapter 60, “Integrative Approaches to      Pharmacotherapy—A Look at Complex Cases” (pp. 1021-1036)
    This chapter examines issues in individual patient cases. It explores      concepts relating to evaluation, drug selection, patient education, and      alternative treatment options. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.

**Crigger, N., & Holcomb, L. (2008). Improving nurse practitioner practice through rational prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 4(2), 120–125.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article explores issues relating to prescription drugs, specifically the frequency in which drugs are prescribed to patients. It also examines factors to consider before beginning drug therapy plans with patients.
**Philipsen, N. C., & Soeken, D. (2011). Preparing to blow the whistle: A survival guide for nurses. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 7(9), 740–746. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article examines issues that nurses encounter when reporting errors in medical settings. It also outlines the role of ethics and the responsibility of nurses to notify all individuals who are impacted by a medical error.
**American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics-For-Nurses.html
NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.This article outlines ethical standards in the nursing profession and identifies nine provisions of care that must be adhered to by all nurses.
**Anderson, P., & Townsend, T. (2010). Medication errors: Don’t let them happen to you. American Nurse Today, 5(3), 23–28. Retrieved from https://americannursetoday.com/medication-errors-dont-let-them-happen-to-you/
This article examines factors that lead to medication errors as well as consequences of these errors on patients and nurses. It also recommends methods for avoiding and eliminating medication errors.
**Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved from August 23, 2012, http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html
This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.
**Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/
This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.
**Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). ISMP’s list of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/Tools/errorproneabbreviations.pdf
This website provides a list of prescription writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
**Byrne, W. (2011). U.S. nurse practitioner prescribing law: A state-by-state summary. Medscape Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/440315
**Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm
NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures

Application: The Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosure

American writer Nikki Giovanni once said: “Mistakes are a fact of life. It is the response to the error that counts” (Goodreads, 2012).  Whenever you make an error when writing a prescription, you must consider the ethical and legal implications of your error—no matter how seemingly insignificant it might be. You may fear the possible consequences and feel pressured not to disclose the error. Regardless, you need to consider the potential implications of non-disclosure. How you respond to the prescription error will affect you, the patient, and the health care facility where you practice. In this Assignment, you examine ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure of personal error. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
Consider the following scenario:
You are working as an advanced practice nurse at a community health clinic. You make an error when prescribing a drug to a patient. You do not think the patient would know that you made the error, and it certainly was not intentional.
To prepare:
·        Consider the ethical implications of disclosure and nondisclosure.
·        Research federal and state laws for advanced practice nurses. Reflect on the legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure for you and the health clinic. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
·        Consider what you would do as the advanced practice nurse in this scenario including whether or not you would disclose your error.
·        Review the Institute for Safe Medication Practices website in the Learning Resources. Consider the process of writing prescriptions. Think about strategies to avoid medication errors.
To complete:
Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:
1.      Explain the ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure. Be sure to reference laws specific to your stat(OHIO).
2.      Describe what you would do as the advanced practice nurse in this scenario including whether or not you would disclose your error. Provide your rationale.
3.      Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to minimize medication errors.
 

Readings

·        Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
o   Chapter 1, “Issues for the Practitioner in Drug Therapy” (pp. 2–14)
This chapter introduces issues relating to drug therapy such as adverse drug events and medication adherence. It also explores drug safety, the practitioner’s role and responsibilities in prescribing, and prescription writing.
o   Chapter 59, “The Economics of Pharmacotherapeutics” (pp. 918–927). NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
This chapter analyzes the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and society and explores practice guideline compliance and current issues in medical care.
o   Chapter 60, “Integrative Approaches to Pharmacotherapy—A Look at Complex Cases” (pp. 928–939)
This chapter examines issues in individual patient cases. It explores concepts relating to evaluation, drug selection, patient education, and alternative treatment options.
Due to the importance of ethical and legal considerations in advanced practice nursing, several resources have been provided for your reference.
·        Crigger, N., & Holcomb, L. (2008). Improving nurse practitioner practice through rational prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 4(2), 120–125.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article explores issues relating to prescription drugs, specifically the frequency in which drugs are prescribed to patients. It also examines factors to consider before beginning drug therapy plans with patients.
·        Philipsen, N. C., & Soeken, D. (2011). Preparing to blow the whistle: A survival guide for nurses. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 7(9), 740–746.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
This article examines issues that nurses encounter when reporting errors in medical settings. It also outlines the role of ethics and the responsibility of nurses to notify all individuals who are impacted by a medical error.
·        American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from
http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics-For-Nurses.html
This article outlines ethical standards in the nursing profession and identifies nine provisions of care that must be adhered to by all nurses.
·        Anderson, P., & Townsend, T. (2010). Medication errors: Don’t let them happen to you. American Nurse Today, 5(3), 23–28. Retrieved from
http://www.americannursetoday.com/assets/0/434/436/440/6276/6334/6350/6356/8b8dac76-6061-4521-8b43-d0928ef8de07.pdf
This article examines factors that lead to medication errors as well as consequences of these errors on patients and nurses. It also recommends methods for avoiding and eliminating medication errors.
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved from August 23, 2012, http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html
This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (2006.). Practitioner’s manual. Retrieved from
http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/manuals/pract/index.html. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
This manual is a resource for practitioners who prescribe, dispense, and administer controlled substances. It provides information on general requirements, security issues, recordkeeping, prescription requirements, and addiction treatment programs.
·        Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/
This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.
·        Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). ISMP’s list of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/Tools/errorproneabbreviations.pdf
This website provides a list of prescription writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.

Optional Resources

·        Byrne, W. (2011). U.S. nurse practitioner prescribing law: A state-by-state summary. Medscape Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/440315
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from
http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures.
·        Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Registration. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from
http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/Registration.html. NURS 6521 Essay Assignment Papers – Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosures
 

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Degenerative Cognitive Disorder

Degenerative Cognitive Disorder
Submit a paper describing a client, family member, or other individual you know who has a degenerative cognitive disorder. Possible conditions include Vascular dementia, Lewy Body disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, AIDS-related dementia and delirium, among others. Include at least two APA citations from sources that provide information for this paper:

  • Introduce the person with a brief social and medical history. What were the events leading up to the diagnosis? How did the person find out about the condition?
  • Describe the disorder. What are the risk factors for the disorder?
  • How is the condition diagnosed? Include any cognitive assessments, lab tests, or other medical exams.
  • Describe treatment options. These may include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, environmental adaptations, nursing interventions, and referrals to support groups.
  • Conclude with an update about the person you chose to discuss. Is this a reversible, treatable condition or an irreversible condition? What was the outcome?
  • You may choose your material from the textbook or from other sources.
  • It is expected that this essay will be 2-3 pages in length (not including the title page), double-spaced. Your paper should include an introduction and conclusion and proper APA citations from any source material you use, including your text.
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CHRISTIANITY HAVE BEEN THE ROOT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING PROFESSION OF PRESENT DAYS

CHRISTIANITY HAVE BEEN THE ROOT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING PROFESSION OF PRESENT DAYS.

 NO COMMENTS
Hello i need a Good and Positive Comment related with this argument .A paragraph with no more 100 words.Raksha Tiwari1 postsRe:Topic 1 DQ 2The interesting topic for me is Caring and the Christian Story. This topic elaborates how nursing profession has been carried out throughout the history. Christianity have been the root for development of nursing profession of present days however it is more termed as medical profession and scientific than caring and spiritual. (Shelly J. A. & Miller A. B. (1999). It is natural for any living being to fight for their existence or restoration of health in deteriorating situation through healing process. I believe this healing process can be speed up through caring or nursing.Nursing is defined as both art and science of caring and healing sick people. Healing of any disease is not possible without caring and love. Nursing deal with not only normality and pathophysiology but also with the lived social and skilled body in promoting health growth and development and in caring for the sick and dying. (Benner P 1994).Reference:Benner P 1994 ed. p. 17 Interpretive Phenomenology: Embodiment Caring and Ethics in Healthand Illness (Thousand Oaks Calif.: Sage )Shelly J. A. & Miller A. B. (1999). Called to care: a Christian theology of nursing. Downers Grove IL: InterVarsity Press.Answer rating (rated one time)
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Explain and describe one physical and one chemical mutagen and its application

Biotechnology is the use of microbes to make practical products.  The top three justifications for manipulating the genomes of cells are:
1. to eliminate undesirable phenotypic traits in humans, animals, plants and microbes.
2. to combine the beneficial traits of two or more organisms to create a new more valuable organism.
3. to create cells that synthesize products humans need.
Recombinant DNA technology employs a number to tools and techniques to isolate genes and insert them into cells grown in culture. The following are five tools of recombinant DNA technology and examples of application of the tools.
Mutagens are physical and chemical agents that produce mutation.  Some mutations are beneficial, so creating a large number of mutations increases the probability of discovering a beneficial mutation. For example the fungus Penicillium may be mutated to syntheisize a more effective antibiotic. Mutagens include uv radiation and ionizing radiation. Mueller first demonstrated the effects of X rays on Drosophilia, establishing cause and effect between radiation and genetic changes manifested in phenotypic changes.  Chemical mutagens in bacteria may be carcinogenic in humans.  The Ames test utilizes bacteria to test for mutagenic activity, and identify chemicals that may induce cell changes that lead to cancer. Ethidium bromide which may be used to visualize DNA on gel, is also a mutagen because it disrupts base pairing.
1. Explain and describe one physical and one chemical mutagen and its application.
Reverse transcriptase  synthesizes cDNA from mRNA, which is the reverse of information flow as depicted in the central dogma of molecular biology, i.e.  DNA is transcribed to RNA which is translated to peptides. Cells may have millions of copies of mRNA, so being able to synthesize the complementary DNA reveals the gene that is being expressed. In addition, cDNA contains no introns because of processing in the eukaryotic transcription, so that cDNA may be inserted into a prokaryotic cell and may be translated into the corresponding peptide.
2. Explain how reverse transcriptase differs from RNA polymerase.  Give one example of an application of reverse transcriptase in recombinant DNA technology.
Synthetic nucleic acids are synthesized in vitro using enzymes from cells. Currently there are machines that syntheized DNA or RNA by having the sequence of bases entered tthrough a keyborad.
3.  If each letter of the keyboard represents a base in DNA, how many keys does the keyboard require? How does this means of DNA synthesis differ from DNA replication in the cell?
Synthetic nucleic acids were used to elucidate the genetic code, create genes for specific proteins, synthesize probes to locate genes in a genome, to synthesize antisense nucleic acids and to make PCR primers.
4. What is the genetic code, how might a synthetic nucleotide be used to determine which amino acid corrresponds to which codon?
5. Give an example of a probe with a flourescent tag that will be used to locate a gene associated with an aggressive form of breast cancer.
Restiction enzymes cut dsDNA at restriction sites, or palindromes. Examples of restriction enzymes are EcoRI and HindIII.  There are hundreds of restriction enzymes isolated from bacteria and used to cut DNA at predictable sites.  One type of restriction enzyme cuts dsDNA to make blunt ends and the other type creates sticky ends.
6. Compare and contrast blunt and sticky ends, and give one example of each type of restriction enzyme.
Vectors insert DNA into a new cell so that the cell acquires a new phenotype.   Vectors are pieces of DNA that are small enough to manipulate in a lab, survive inside the new cell, contain a recognizalbe genetic marker and carry the gene regions necessary to ensure the gene is transcribed and translated.   Examples of vectors are plasmids, viruses and transposons.
7. Explain one risk of a viral vector that inserts itself into a necessary gene and causes a mutation.
Gene library is a collection of cells or viruses, in which each member carries a portion of a given organism’s genome.  Gene libraries provide a ready
Techniques of recombinant DNA technology include the polymerase chaing reaction (PCR)  developed by Cary Mullis.  PCR has three steps that are repeated while the same sample of primers, target gene, taq polymerase and nucleotides are cycled through three different temperatures in a microfuge tube. Gel electrophoresis separated fragments of molecules by size, shape and charge.  DNA microarrays are able to monitor thousands of genes on one plate. Applications of these techniques include diagnostics or vaccine design.
8. Explain how a subunit vaccine is designed using  genes from a pathogen and a viral vector? p502-504.
One proposed way to stop the spread of arboviruses by mosquitoes is to vaccinate the mosquito.  This type of vaccine is a transmission blocking vaccine (TBV).  One typeof TBV vaccinates the human so that a blood meal from a vaccinated human would prevent the mosquito from being infected.  Another strategy is to use the gene drive known as Crispr-Cas9 which would edit the mosquito genome to confer resistance to diseases mosquitoes transmit to humans, and is very targeted.  This requires wild type mosquitoes to mate with lab mosquitoes that have been genetically modified.  Some data would indicate the lab mosquitoes are not competitve with wild type males.
9. Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of the TBV approach for controlling the spread of arboviruses.
10. Does the public have any control over the use of gene drives to alter species in the ecosystem for public health concerns?
 

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia:

  1. a)  UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE/DISORDER
    1. i)  Background and/or history
      (1) Who discovered
      (2) How was it named
      (3) Associated disorders- (similar to the disease)
      (4) Type of Disorder- if it is inherited include Genetics of the disorder
    2. ii)  Environmental Effects
      (1) Transmission or spreading (2) Behavioral risk factors
      (3) Seasonal or Climate
    3. iii)  Demographics
      (1) The age one normally gets this disease
      (2) Statistics of numbers with disease, and in what countries
  2. b)  HOW THE DISEASE AFFECTS THE BODY
    1. i)  Biochemical changes that cause the disease
    2. ii)  How the disease affects normal cellular function Pathology
      (1) Structural and Functional Abnormalities
      (2) Description of organ system(s) involved
    3. iii)  Howaperson’sdailylifeisaffectedbythedisease
    4. iv)  Thesymptomsofthedisease
  3. c)  TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE
    1. i)  Tests a health care provider would run to help diagnose the disease
    2. ii)  Medications to treat the disorder and how they work
    3. iii)  Currentresearchtofindacureorbettertreatmentforthedisease;includeacopyofthatarticleand
      a summary of what you understood about it.
    4. iv)  Informationonthecostofhavingthedisease,treatment,medications,hospitalization,etc.

NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER PROJECT TOPIC: ___________________________________ TEACHER APPROVAL ________
DUEDATE: ___March26__

Schizophrenia

page1image1771360page1image5823536
d) CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH.

  1. i)  Write about why you chose this disease? – It is interesting that the brain can have a schism that separates it from reality.
  2. ii)  What was the most interesting fact that you learned from doing the project? That too much dopamine can cause schiophrenia and too little dopamine can cause Parkinson’s disease.
  3. iii)  What was the most important source of information that you used to write your report? Uptodate Harvard medical database.
  4. iv)  What questions would you still like answered about this disease? Can gene therapy prevent or treat schizophrenia?
  5. v)  What do you feel that everyone should learn from your project? That our body regulates chemical mediators in a very fine range and small deviations from this “normal” range can lead to profound dysfunctions classified as disease.

Provided: UptoDate Database on Schizophrenia
 

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Performance Enhancing Drugs

 
Performance Enhancing Drugs
Use one outside research article that focuses on athletes’ intake of performance enhancing drugs (such as steroids or blood doping) or recreational drugs (such as alcohol or marijuana). Using the information provided in the article and your course textbook, discuss at least three reasons for the intake of performance enhancing drugs. Provide your response in three to four well-crafted paragraphs with proper grammar and spelling.Note: You should be using peer-reviewed journal articles and not popular magazines, blogs, or nonprofessional Web sites. Scholarship should be at the graduate level.
Evaluation Criteria for Discussion Question Response:
Identified and explained three reasons for the intake of performance enhancing drugs. [12 points]
Used proper peer-reviewed journal articles. [4 points]
Assignment 1 Grading CriteriaMaximum PointsDiscussion Question Response:Please see specific evaluation criteria listed below each discussion question.16Discussion Participation:Participated in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with rationale, challenging a point of discussion, or making a relationship between one or more points of the discussion.4While responding, justified ideas and responses by using appropriate examples and references from texts, Web sites, and other references or personal experience.4Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation
.4Total:28

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& LEADERSHIP

HS3202 MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP
L25 : eLecture
GROUP DYNAMIC AND TEAM WORK
2017
1

1
2017
2
Define group and group dynamic.
2. Describe the characteristics of a group.
3. Discuss the phases of group development.
4. Define team and teamwork.
5. Describe the characteristics of a team.
6. Discuss the implications of leadership and management behaviours in group dynamic and teamwork.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
DEFINE A GROUP
2017
3
A group is a social community, consisting of two or more people who have something in common.
E.g. many sales “teams” are groups.  A sales person wins commission based on his/her own sales, and is not affected by the performance of other sales people.
Groups
2017
4
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF GROUPS IN HEALTHCARE ORGANISATIONS
Examples:
Informal groups
Work groups
Teams
committees
WHAT ARE GROUP DYNAMICS?
2017
5
Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist and change management expert, is credited with coining the term “group dynamics” in the early 1940s.
“Group dynamics” describes the effects of the roles and behaviors people often take on when they work in a group.
DEFINE A TEAM
2017
6
A team is a group in which the commonality is a shared goal.  This in itself creates a dynamic between team members because they are dependent on each other for success.
Huber (2010)
Example: a sports team wins or loses as a whole.
WHAT ARE TEAM DYNAMICS?
2017
7
Team dynamics are the unconscious, psychological forces that influence the direction of a team’s behaviour and performance.
An effective facilitator manages team dynamics by encouraging the people to stay on the task and continue towards its objectives.
KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TEAM & A GROUP?
2017
8
A SPECIFIC GOAL
2017
9
List appropriate team members by job title (e.g. nurse, social worker, respiratory therapist) to form teams to handle these issues:-
Developing a school-based asthma management programme.
Working with patients to determine end-of-life decisions.
Develop a care plan for patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION
2017
10
Vital for competing in today’s global workplace.
Norm in any industry
Team building creates successful teams
IMPORTANCE OF TEAM WORK
SUCCESSFUL TEAMS SHARE SEVERAL DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
2017
11
1. Everyone on the team talks and listens in roughly equal measure, keeping contributions short and sweet.
2. Members face one another, and their conversations and gestures are energetic.
3. Members connect directly with one another—not just with the team leader.
4. Members carry on back-channel or side conversations within the team.
5. Members periodically break, go exploring outside the team, and bring information back.
11
MEASURE YOUR TEAM’S SUCCESS
2017
12
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoDCo-mEbq0
2017
13
PDCA cycle
Surveys
data collection
Milestone or Gantt charts
Cause and effect diagram
Incentive and rewards
TOOLS TO IMPROVE TEAM PERFORMANCE
2017
14
TOOLS TO IMPROVE TEAM PERFORMANCE

2017
15
TOOLS TO IMPROVE TEAM PERFORMANCE
SURVEY: Team effectiveness questionnaires
Simple questions are often the most productive – asking questions about actions & behaviours that all team members can readily recognise & comment about.
Here’s a short example:
What in your words are the aims & objectives of the team?
How well in your view is the team doing?
One thing the team should keep doing?
One thing the team should stop doing?
One thing the team should start doing?
GANTT CHART

2011 2012 2013
Steps  Activities Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Plan Identify problems
Project selection
Management approval
Target setting
Cause analysis
Possible solutions
Do Implementation
Check Evaluate results
Results achieved
Action Standardization & follow-up action

2017
16
Legend:
Plan
Actual

Man
Materials
Methods
Environment
Staff do not know the specific areas that students require supervision in clinical
Staff may not know these students
Staff are assigned to different clinical area by manager
Staff or clinical instructor may not be assigned to supervise the same group of students
Unable to provide appropriate supervision timely
Require more time to get to know the students work
Too much information in the weekly clinical report
Time consuming to read these reports
Staff do not remember who are the students requiring close supervision in clinical
Staff are too busy with other duties
Some of these information are irrelevant
Staff submit clinical reports to clinical manager weekly
Clinical manager disseminates reports to nursing staff
Staff do not keep or archive weekly clinical report after reading it
Staff handover verbal reports upon meeting on-coming lecturers
Insufficient time to prepare staff on the specific areas that students require help
Student are scheduled for clinical posting once or twice per semester
Students are not assigned to same staff
Student require close supervision may be ‘missed’ in subsequent posting
Students may not be posted to the same hospital in their subsequent posting
Monitoring and tracking of students require close supervision in clinical is difficult to be maintained continuously
CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM
2017
17
2017
18
APPLY TEAMWORK IN THE WORKPLACE
Support: Teams create an environment of support, boosting the confidence of individuals, allowing people to do their best.
Helping someone: If one is weak, others can support or handle the work – so, it usually builds up power-resource for the organization.
Huber (2010)
2017
19
APPLY TEAMWORK IN THE WORKPLACE
Common goal: People work in harmony, create positive team environment, help and support each other and delegate tasks/duties; the more they learn and step away to become better workers in their own jobs.
Communication and cooperation: Teams can create better communication and respectful relationships among employees.
Huber (2010)
2017
20
CONCLUSION
True team require a great deal of developmental time and efforts but are capable of moving the collective performance of a group to a higher level.
Huber (2010)
REFERENCES
2017
21
Brooker, C., & Waugh, A. (2013). Foundations of nursing practice:
Fundamentals of holistic care (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier.
Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and nursing care management (5th ed.). St.
Louis, Missouris: Elsevier Saunders.
Kelly, P. (2013). Nursing leadership and management (2nd ed.). Toronto: Nelson
Education.
Pentland, A.S. (2012). Harvard Business Review: The New Science of
Building Great Teams. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoDCo-mEbq0
Rigolosi, E.L.M. (2013). Management and leadership in nursing and health
care: An experiential approach (3rd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Sullivan, E. J., (2012). Effective leadership and management in nursing (8th ed.).
Boston, Mass: Pearson.
Whitehead, D.K., Weiss, S.A., & Tappen, R.M. (2010). Essentials of nursing
leadership and management (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
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