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Explanation of gender identity development

 Psychology homework help
 
Gender dynamics manifest in families, schools, workplaces–anywhere that humans interact socially. As you explored throughout the course, theories to explain gender development and gender roles have grown in number, as has the body of research to explain the causes and effects of these gender dynamics.
Part of Walden University’s mission is to create scholar-practitioners committed to social change. There is tremendous potential for social change related gender-based issues, and will be as long as achievement gaps, discrimination, abuse, and inequalities persist throughout the world. This week you complete and submit your Final Project, which should be not just a literature review of a topic, but also contain proposals for how to foster positive social change related to the topic.
To prepare
· Be sure to incorporate any Instructor feedback that you received on the outline you submitted in Week 7 (if you have not done so already).
· Search the Walden Library and other reputable academic sources to locate literature related to the gender-related topic you selected.
Based on the outline you submitted in Week 7, write an 8- to 10-page paper (including title page and references) in which you do the following:
· Introduce and summarize key literature about your selected topic. Include in your summary how this topic relates to home, school, and/or work environments.
· Explain the challenges surrounding the topic. This may include challenges related to conducting research and/or how the gender topic you selected impacts individuals or society.
· Provide solutions or strategies to address the challenges related to the topic.
· Evaluate each of your proposed solutions and provide final recommendations that have opportunities for positive social change.
Previous work for assignment
The Impact of Toys on Gender Identity Development in Children
1. Introduction
I. Explanation of gender identity development
(a) Definition of key terms
i. Gender identity
ii. Child development
iii. Gender-specific toys
(b) Psychological theories about gender identity development
i. Kohlberg’s Theory
ii. Piaget’s Theory
II. Background Information
(a) Toy selection criteria in children
(b) Gender identity stereotyping by toy manufacturers
2. Related Research
I. Child development and sexual identity
(a) Physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.
(b) Onset of gender identity and sexual development
(c) The role of sex stereotype on children’s memory
II. Impact of Gender-specific toys on gender identity development
(a) The impact of toy characteristics on gender identity
(b) The impact of exposure to gender specific toys on the development of gender identity
3.  Psychological Intervention
I. The main challenge
a. The need for more study on the role of toys in influencing gender identity
b. Toy manufacturers’ exploitation of gender stereotypes.
c. Social impacts: the use of toys to teach certain behaviors to children.
II. Suggested solutions
a. More research into the impact of toys on child development
b. Provision of a wide range of toys for children to play with.
c. Advocacy for more neutral play environments
4. Conclusion
I. Assessment of recommended solutions
II. Final recommendations for provision of a range of child toys and neutral play environments.
The impact of toys on gender identity development in children
I choose this topic because it is the most familiar one in our lives and that at one point we had gone through the similar experience especially when it came to toys selection.
Toys are the major assets own by the children in our environment. We find that children like toys very much but careful when it comes to selection based on the child’s gender. Boys concentrate more on toys resembling engine powered machines like tracks, bikes, and trains while the girls focus more on care toys like for example dolls, utensils and general cleanliness (Todd, et al., 2018).
Toys impact the children psychology by creating this idea that they both should play with specific kinds of toys and grow up believing and exhibiting the same approach to other kids younger than them (Todd, Barry, & Thommessen, 2017). This trend and belief are so apparent that anyone just by looking at the toys in a given household can determine the child’s gender.
References
Todd, B. K., Barry, J. A., & Thommessen, S. A. (2017). Preferences for ‘Gender‐typed ‘Toys in Boys and Girls Aged 9 to 32 Months. Infant and Child Development, 26(3).
Todd, B. K., Fischer, R. A., Di Costa, S., Roestorf, A., Harbour, K., Hardiman, P., & Barry, J. A. (2018). Sex differences in children’s toy preferences: A systematic review, meta‐regression, and meta‐analysis. Infant and Child Development, 27(2), e2064.
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Numbers Can be Worth a Thousand Pictures: Individual Differences in Understanding Graphical and Numerical Representations of Health-Related Information

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Assignment 1
Read the “Numbers Can be Worth a Thousand Pictures: Individual Differences in Understanding Graphical and Numerical Representations of Health-Related Information” article prior to answering. Informed decision making in the mental health and medical professions requires the ability to understand and effectively communicate statistical information.  For this discussion, address the following in your post:

  • Select one mental health      disorder of your choice based on a valid diagnostic category in the DSM-5.
  • Research the disorder and      locate relevant statistics obtained within the past 7 years regarding      overall prevalence, gender and age differences, and treatment options.
  • Present this information in the      discussion forum in two formats: Format 1 for individuals with high graph      literacy; Format 2: for individuals with low graphic literacy but high      numerical literacy.  Information regarding each of these two formats      is discussed in the assigned article.
  • Be sure to include your      references in your discussion post, that are formatted according to APA      style

Assignment 2
Read the articles “Applications in Social Justice Counselor Training: Classroom Without Walls” and “The Multicultural Workplace: Interactive Acculturation and Intergroup Relations” and review the APA Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations prior to considering the following scenario.
http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/policy/provider-guidelines.aspx
You are a psychologist in an urban community that has seen a 200% growth in its immigrant population over the past 3 years. Eighty-seven percent of this population speaks a language other than English at home. You work for a community mental health center, which is seeing an increase in referral from this population primarily because of the children’s interactions with the school system. The children typically become bilingual quickly. The parents are typically less fluent in English than their children; however, approximately 30% of the adults in this immigrant population are fluent in English and hold advanced degrees and middle- to upper- middle class jobs. The remaining 70% primarily hold jobs that do not require higher education although many do have degrees from their country of origin.
Based on the reading, evaluate research and practice aspects in this applied context and use elements from previous learning in your program to address the following:

  • What types of staffing and      training recommendations would you make for the community mental health      center?
  • How would you facilitate      intergroup work relations among staff at the community mental health      center?
  • Would you support the use of      the DSM-5 to diagnose clients with limited English proficiency?
  • How would you evaluate whether      or not your staff is competent to work with this population?
  • Explain the rationales for your      answers by providing evidence from the required readings.
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Critique the strengths and weaknesses of self-help groups in terms of their value in the treatment of substance abuse

 Psychology homework help

Self-Help Evaluation

The self-help movement has swept the world of substance abuse treatment. A new client may not be aware of any treatment options open to them aside from those of self-help group meetings, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. While self-help groups are not a solution for every client, they have been shown to be useful in some cases.
As future substance abuse counselors, it is important that you explore and be aware of the different self-help groups and what goes on in these group meetings.
Begin this assignment by doing the following:
Attend a self-help group related to substance abuse. There are multiple options including AA Open Meetings, Al-Anon, Women for Sobriety, and so forth. Information is easily accessible on the Internet. Note that some meetings are closed while others are open. At Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), most weekly groups are closed; however, open meetings are held primarily on weekends when all are welcome to attend.
Information for your area can be obtained through “AA Intergroup” at http://aa-intergroup.org/.
Introduce yourself and let folks know that you are a student. Remember to follow the guidelines of confidentiality.
If you are unable to access a twelve-step group because one is not available in your area, either research an online self-help group or research the implications of self-help groups in general including their strengths and weaknesses.
Write a paper about your experience and make sure you cover the following:

  1. Evaluate the self-help group you attended and/or researched. Critique the strengths and weaknesses of self-help groups in terms of their value in the treatment of substance abuse.
  2. Hypothesize what types of clients would be a good match for the group that you attended and/or researched. What types of clients would not be a good match? Consider age, gender, culture, race, sexuality, religion/spirituality, and the severity of substance abuse. Include other evaluation criteria for differential treatment. Explain your reasoning.
  3. Predict how self-help groups are evolving over time. How can technology be used to supplement and/or replace face-to-face support groups?
  4. Appraise the effect on the group experience when involuntary clients are present. Include the effect to treatment, counseling, and collaboration.
  5. Recommend several ways to overcome resistance. How may technology be used to overcome resistance to treatment? Include collaboration issues involved in the treatment of involuntary clients using technology.

Write a paper in Word format and make sure you include a title page and reference page in addition to the 6–8-pages of content. Apply APA 6th edition standards to the format of the paper, and the citation of sources.

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Discuss the hormones produced by this gland and how those hormones are used in the body

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Module 2 – Case
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS

Assignment Overview

The Endocrine System and Chronic Disease

Endocrine disorders span a range of conditions, from diabetes and thyroid disease to stress-related conditions. Stress has been linked to a number of health problems with the most recent evidence, suggesting its involvement in male infertility, allergies, and headache.

During the normal stress response, hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands, causing several physiological effects, but chronic stress can result in continual release of these hormones, leading to serious mental and physical health problems.

In the following video, the role of stress on causing chronic, non-communicable diseases like heart disease (hypertension), metabolic syndrome, and infertility is discussed.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUqJ-AKSsuE
Physical Effects of Stress
Case Assignment
In this assignment, you will focus on one endocrine gland, its normal function in the body, and how it responds during times of stress. You will also research one disorder related to stress.
1. Choose one of the following endocrine glands from the table below to research. Discuss the hormones produced by this gland and how those hormones are used in the body. Include an image of your chosen endocrine organ within your essay.
2. Describe what happens to the body when the hormone (or hormones) produced by this organ become unbalanced during times of stress. What happens to the gland when the body is under acute stress? Chronic stress?
3. Describe one of the stress-related disorders associated with your chosen endocrine gland (see chart below or choose one of your own. Be sure it is associated with stress).
4. How does your chosen stress-related disorder affect short- and long-term health?
5. What can be done to prevent and/or treat your chosen stress-related disorder?
6. Draw conclusions about how to care for and maintain a healthy Endocrine System.
 
Assignment Expectations
Organize this essay assignment using subtitles that summarize the topic from each question above. For example, to answer Question 1, use a descriptive subtitle like the following: Introduction to the Pancreas.
Answer each question under the subtitle using complete sentences that relate back to the question. Be sure to use APA formatting throughout your essay with 1-inch margins, 12-pt font, and double spacing throughout. Include a title page, introduction, answers to the questions with subtitles, and concluding paragraph. Remember to include in-text citations within the body of the essay referencing your resources (i.e., Murray, 2014). Also, be sure to include a reference section at the end of your assignment listing all required readings and any additional resources you used to complete your essay. A helpful guide to writing a quality essay can be found on your TLC Home Page under  FAQ/Writing Tips/Student Guide to Writing a High Quality Academic Paper . This guide also provides links to example essays written using APA format.

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Which assessment tool(s) would you use to help evaluate and diagnose Julia’s substance use?

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Discussion—Assessment and Diagnosis

Assessment and diagnosis are the first, and most critical, parts of substance use disorder treatment. Without an accurate assessment, the client may not benefit from the treatment options selected.
Review the following scenario and address the questions that follow:
Julia got into a car accident at the end of her senior year of high school, which resulted in a broken leg and an injured knee, both of which needed surgery to repair. During her recovery, she was in a lot of pain, so her doctor prescribed OxyContin.
After several weeks, the prescribed dose of OxyContin was no longer sufficient to completely alleviate Julia’s pain. So, she decided to take more than the prescribed dosage. This not only alleviated Julia’s pain, but it also gave her a feeling of euphoria, which she enjoyed. When Julia ran out of OxyContin and was unable to take it, she experienced a great deal of pain, even in areas of her body that were not affected by the car accident. She also found herself more anxious and agitated on days when she could not take OxyContin than on days when she did take it.
Based on your analysis of the scenario and module readings, respond to the following:
Which assessment tool(s) would you use to help evaluate and diagnose Julia’s substance use? Explain why you made your choice.

  • Based on the current DSM diagnostic criteria, does Julia’s behavior fit into a substance use disorder? Explain the rationale for your diagnosis.

*Write your initial response in 300–400 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By the due date assigned, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Though the end of the module, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses. In your responses, be sure that you comment on the assessment tool chosen as well as the rationale provided by them for the diagnosis.
Grading Criteria and Rubric
All discussion assignments in this course will be graded using a rubric. Download the discussion rubric and carefully read it to understand the expectations.
NOTES: Class,
Read the case study carefully.  It’s helpful to form a quick description of your client.  Check your assumptions against the case!  Sometimes we form mental images from what we read that are not totally accurate.
Feel free to ask questions in your discussion — of me or your fellow classmates.  This is meant to be a discussion!
You can find a nice summary of assessment types for adolescents at this Web site:

  • Winters, K. C. (2004). Assessment of alcohol and other drug use behaviors among adolescents. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Retrieved from http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/assesing%20alcohol/behaviors.htm

Another nice summary and list of assessment tools can be found here:

  • Julia got into a car accident at the end of her senior year of high school, which resulted in a broken leg and an injured knee, both of which needed surgery to repair. During her recovery, she was in a lot of pain, so her doctor prescribed
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What drove you to take psychology as a career?

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Informational Interview

In M1 Assignment 3, you identified a professional in the field of psychology to interview. You selected an interviewee employed in a psychology-related job that interests you and developed a list of ten questions.
For this assignment, you will conduct an interview with your chosen psychology professional using those ten questions.
Tasks

  • The interview must last a minimum of 30 minutes. As specified in Module 1, you must ask interviewees about their work, academic preparation, and advice during the interview. Be certain to include the interviewee’s answers to your questions on the following topics:
    • The experiences, skills, and knowledge necessary for success in psychology careers or graduate school
    • Relevant professional organizations
    • His/her views on professional ethics and academic integrity
    • The role of psychological research in his/her work
    • His/her greatest challenges and rewards
    • His/her reasons for choosing his/her field

Once the interview has been completed, prepare a 3- to 4-page summary detailing the responses you have received from the questions you asked as well as a discussion of any impact the interview has had on your decisions regarding possible future employment possibilities.
When discussing the impact the interview had on you, be sure to:
Discuss at least two strengths and two weaknesses you recognized in yourself after conducting the interview.
Identify at least one step you can take to address those weaknesses so that you strengthen your ability to attain your chosen career goal.
Submission Details

  • Save your 3- to 4-page Microsoft Word document

The Interview and Questions
Charley Lang is a professional licensed psychologist in marriage and Family therapy. He has an experience of 20 years in this field. He is a director of addiction studies and psychology at Antioch University. His main role is training future therapist through courses like Contemporary Modes in Psychology and Human sexualities. He first began his work life as an actor has encountered many people with different issues in life which motivated him to become a therapist. His specialties include couple, individual and LGTB counseling, diverse identity and lifestyles, non-traditional relationships, addiction and recovery, coping skills and life transition. His daily tasks include but are not limited to the following, offering treatment and therapy for issues involving, drug addiction, family issues and relationships, support cares and counselling, developing and valuing service provisions for clienteles and assessing client’s abilities, behaviors and needs using different methods such as narrative, strength-based and Solution Focused briefs.
He is based in Los Angeles California 90004. One can reach him through his number (323) 310-9878 and his email on his website…I am passionate about helping people solve issues they are facing in life and I have a desire to be a professional counselor. I believe having an interview with Charley land will help me gain insight into what this profession involves, the requirements for being a professional in psychology and most important, and the motivation to pursue this career. I always experience some sense of self-fulfillment and joy in cases where I have helped people go through problems like emotional traumas. There have always been without professional knowledge. I believe my interview with Charley Lang will help me realize and encourage me in my pursuit of being a professional counselor.
My interest in counseling people is also intrigued by the fact the world is changing and people view relationships like marriage, couple relationship, and children relationship differently from the past. The rate of cases like domestic violence and child abuse are increasing rapidly and is becoming a global problem (Woolfe et al., 2003). I want to be part of the team that will help in changing such a worldview and brings order in relationships and this can only be achieved through changing peoples’ mindset about their view on such relationships.
Some of the questions I jotted down before the interview include,
1. Is counseling to you a passion or just a job that earns you money?
2. What drove you to take psychology as a career?
3. Do your responsibilities as a therapist focus more on the present and past and do you offer short term or long-term therapies?
4. What reward do you value most in your career, is it the salary you get or the sense of self-fulfillment you have accomplished?
5.What aspect of counseling do you feel is your area of expertise?
6.What are some of the challenges you experience in your career?
7. Do you think your career has a meaningful Impact in people’s lives and in making the world a better place?
8.What does it take for one to be a professional psychologist?
9. Apart from counseling and therapy, what other areas of psychology can one pursue as a career?
10. Does the knowledge and skills you have gained throughout the years help you as a person in solving your problems before you help others?
11.People don’t view psychology as a career option unlike business and engineering majors, what is your take on that?
12.What advice would you give to students taking psychology or a person with interest to pursue psychology as a career?
13. Do you family members and friends expect you to have a problem free life considering you are an expert when it comes to psychology and counseling? 14.What motivates you daily to help others through their problems, even when you have some in your life?
15. If given a chance, would you take a career in another major?
Charley Lang views professional ethics and academic integrity as a value that ought to be upheld in a career. This value to his is most challenged when he is facing an issue of the dilemma during a clientele problem. He says every psychology professional should adhere to the professional codes of ethics accorded to them as it plays a big role in their work life. Being ethical and moral and expressing high integrity in one work earns you respect and confidence from your clients and it should never be an area to gamble about for a serious professional (Koocher & Keith-Spiegel 2008).
His reason for choosing to be a psychologist was the fact that as an actor, he played so many roles that expressed issues existing in real life like domestic violence which encouraged him to help such victims.
When conducting an interview, etiquette is one virtue that needs to be upheld in creating rapport and ensuring respect (Jorgenson 1992). So, my approach to this interview would be to knock on the door and not just barge in and is allowed to entire, I would then show civilization and respect as I introduce myself to Him and the purpose for my appointment. I would then wait to offer a seat. I would then request a chance to have an informal conversation with him. I would then first create a rapport with him maybe by inquiring about how his day is before proceeding with the questions. Finally, after the interview, I would express my gratitude with a word of thanks for his time, wish him all the best in his career and finally wish him a great time for the remaining part of the day.
 
Reference
Jorgenson, J. (1992). Communication, rapport, and the interview: A social perspective. Communication Theory, 2(2), 148-156.
Koocher, G. P., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008). Ethics in psychology and the mental health professions: Standards and cases. Oxford University Press.
Woolfe, R., Dryden, W., & Strawbridge, S. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of counselling psychology. Sage.

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How much is housing related to the “American Dream”?

 Psychology homework help
Housing is a critical issue for the working poor. Key findings of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) (2000) analysis show the following:

  1. From 1993 to 1998, the number of subprime refinancing loans increased ten-fold.
  2. Subprime loans are three times more likely in low-income neighborhoods than in high-income neighborhoods.
  3. Subprime loans are five times more likely in black neighborhoods than in white neighborhoods.
  4. Homeowners in high-income black areas are twice as likely as homeowners in low-income white areas to have subprime loans.

Using the module readings, Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research the subprime crisis. Then, answer the following:

  • How much is housing related to the “American Dream”?
  • How did this housing crisis affect the working poor?
  • Identify any new policies in place to help the working poor find affordable housing.

Write a 2–4-page paper in Microsoft Word format, following current APA formatting. Include a separate page for your references.
Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M3_A2.doc. For example, if your name is John Smith, your document will be named SmithJ_M3_A2.doc.

  • How much is housing related to the “American Dream”?
  • How did this housing crisis affect the working poor?
  • Identify any new policies in place to help the working poor find affordable housing.
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Identify and describe the diverse population and the unique characteristics and/or the distinctive needs of the population in 3 to 4 brief sentences

Psychology homework help
 Piedra and Engstrom (2009) noted how the life model “remains general and unspecific regarding factors that affect immigrant families” (p. 272). Recall that there will never be one theory or a model that can fully explain a phenomenon or lay out all the steps and procedures when working with complex issues that clients present to social workers. Recognizing this, Piedra and Engstrom selected another theory in the immigration literature—segmented assimilation theory. They identified concepts from segmented assimilation theory to “fill in” the gaps that the life model does not address.
To prepare: (No More Than 500 words)

  • Review the life model.
  • Review this article in the Learning Resources: Piedra, L. M., & Engstrom, D. W. (2009). Segmented assimilation theory and the life model: An integrated approach to understanding immigrants and their children. Social Work, 54(3), 270–277. http://dx.doi.org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/sw/54.3.270

Using an example from your fieldwork experience and a diverse population you encountered at the agency (for example, in Piedra and Engstrom’s article, it was immigrant families), respond to the following:

  • Identify and describe the diverse population and the unique characteristics and/or the distinctive needs of the population in 3 to 4 brief sentences.
  • Explain how the life model can be applied for the population.
  • Explain where the gaps are in applying the life model for this population.
  • When looking at the gaps, explain which theory might be helpful in filling the gaps of the life model when working with this population.
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What strategies can teachers and students use to increase attention to relevant material in an online course?

 Psychology homework help
Revisit the Module One Areas of Interest and Practical Applications in Cognitive Psychology discussion topic, where you examined your interests, potential problems, and applied settings related to cognitive psychology. Building on those conversations, draft a topic suggestion by identifying your particular area of interest in cognitive psychology (attention, learning, memory, language, or decision making), select an applied setting (education, law, mental health, or technology), and describe the contemporary problem as it relates to your topic and setting. Last, draft three potential research questions that explore potential improvements related to your topic and the applied setting.
For example, if you suggested the topic of attention and online students, the applied setting would be education, and you might develop the following research questions:

  • How does multitasking while studying (e.g., listening to music while reading, or texting while reading) influence attention to course material?
  • How do individuals with ADHD perform in an online learning environment, and what strategies can help them succeed?
  • What strategies can teachers and students use to increase attention to relevant material in an online course?

Memory and technology

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Evaluate and discuss the applicability of Piaget’s theory of  cognitive development

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 Cognition and Our Environment
Prior to engaging in this discussion, read Chapter 4: Cognition,  Learning, and the Environment in your required e-book, review the  article “Socially Situated Cognition in Perspective” and the Instructor  Guidance, and view the video What Are Schemas? (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
Cognition incorporates numerous variables that are suggested to  affect how we learn. For this discussion please address the following  theories that support this suggestion:

  • Evaluate and discuss the applicability of Piaget’s theory of  cognitive development. Why are developmental phases important to  consider when addressing how we learn?
  • How does effective schema development affect our ability to move knowledge (memories) from working memory to long-term memory?
    • How do the differing types of schema (Table 4.2: Types of  comprehension-associated schema in your required e-book) potentially  play differing roles? Why might one type of schema be harder for a  person to develop than another?
  • How does the term reciprocal determinism further explain the dynamic  of learning that is suggested to be affected by our environment?  (social learning theory and social cognitive theory)
  • Based on your previous answers, how do these sub-theories and frameworks affect your own learning success, past and future?
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