Public Health Data Collection Methods

Public Health Data Collection Methods

Since the inception of public health programs, vital statistics have been a critical factor in the effort to improve sanitation and to control disease. Today, mortality and morbidity data are used more generally to study trends and differentials in all kinds of causes of death and illness. The availability of mortality and morbidity statistics for small geographic units has contributed uniquely to the value of these data for epidemiologic investigations, surveillance, and informatics.

  • List and explain at least three of the five major challenges posed by current methods of collecting morbidity data with respect to data accuracy and data reliability.
  • Why it is important for those collecting morbidity data to be able to ensure confidentiality for respondents, and list the legislative and administrative requirements imposed on the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) with respect to data confidentiality.
  • Morbidity and mortality statistical reporting come from, in part, coded medical data transmitted through electronic data interchange (EDI) from Health Information Management Systems (HIMS) to PHIS. These data have all been standardized under HIPAA. Explain what it means to use coded data in data collections from the HIMS and/or PHIS.

Write your response in a minimum of 300–400 words, providing relevant references. Apply APA standards to citation of sources

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Select a nursing theory that you find useful in nursing practice. Discuss each of the following selected elements of the PICOT format by applying your selected nursing theory to the element. Be sure to include a scholarly reference within 5 years. Must use APA format and include atleast 300 words or more.

In NR 500, you developed a PICOT question.  Select a nursing theory that you find useful in nursing practice.  Discuss each of the following selected elements of the PICOT format by applying your selected nursing theory to the element.  Be sure to include a scholarly reference within 5 years.  Must use APA format and include atleast 300 words or more.

  • Population/ Patient Problem:  Consider how your selected nursing theory may guide you in selecting the population and/or patient problem
  • Intervention:  Does your selected nursing theory identify a possible intervention?  If not, how is your selected intervention consistent with your selected nursing theory?
  • Outcome:  How would the outcome of your PICOT study contribute to your selected nursing theory?  Would it add new information?  Would it confirm some part of the theory?  

Nursing Theory to use:        From Novice to Expert – Patricia E Benner

NR 500 PICOT question:    What education/method can be implemented by the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses in order to prevent bloodstream infections from central line venous catheters (CVLs) in critically ill patients in the ICU?

P (Population) – ICU patients with CVLs

I (Intervention) – Education for nurses to prevent bloodstream infections

C (Comparison) – CVL bloodstream infection caused by lack of education/proper care by ICU nurses

O (Outcome) – Decreased number of infections, decrease in cost of care and length of stay, and decrease in number of deaths in ICU patients with CVLs

T (Timeframe) – Immediate with continuous monitoring of outcomes

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EXAMINE THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACT ON IMMEDIATE- AND LONG-TERM PUBLIC HEALTH.

The US Census Bureau reports that there are nearly seven billion people in the world (US Census Bureau, 2011). The increase in population size over recent decades has created, and will continue to create, environmental and public health concerns. A larger population consumes already limited resources and energy and creates more waste and pollution. A larger population also exacerbates public health issues. For example, a boost in population size can lead to an increase in rates of infectious disease, homelessness, and poverty.

Currently, different parts of the world have varying population growth rates. Population growth in more developed countries is slowing down. For example, between 2005 and 2010, women from North America had an average of only two children in their lifetime. However, population growth rates in developing countries are still quite high. Specifically, between 2005 and 2010, women from Africa had an average of 4.6 children in their lifetime (United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2007).

In this assignment, you will estimate future population sizes and their potential link to environmental health.

Using the readings for this module, Argosy University online library resources, as well as resources from reliable academic or governmental organizations, write a paper that addresses the following:

  • Estimate the predicted population size for the world in the year 2060. Be sure to justify your estimate as well as cite and explain the resources you used.
  • Identify a single disease that significantly increases in prevalence when the human population increases in size. Address the following based on this information:
    • Why is this issue likely to increase with an increasing population size?
    • Are there any countries in particular that will be affected by this issue more than others? What will cause this discrepancy?
    • How are food supply and nutrition impacted by the increasing population size? When considering nutrition, do you think some countries will be more susceptible than others? Explain and support your answer.
    • What are governmental agencies currently doing to prevent or mitigate concerns of inadequate food supply and nutrition because of population growth?
    • Based on your research, do you believe that these policies would change if the population growth increases dramatically by 2060?

Support your statements with scholarly references and appropriate examples.

Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

On average, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 23 percent of the global disease burden can be attributed to the environment (World Resources Institute, n.d.).

In this assignment, you will use an interactive map to identify world patterns of environmental hazards through mortality rates. WHO has published a map providing the percentage of deaths around the world that are attributed to environmental issues from 2004. Access this map using the link given below and review the values listed for different countries:

  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2004). Public health and environment (PHE): Percentage of deaths and DALYs attributable to the environment, 2004 deaths. Retrieved fromhttp://web.archive.org/web/20130721135735/http:/gamapserver.who.int/gho/interactive_charts/phe/total_percentage/atlas.html

Based on your research, complete the following:

  • Identify the top five countries that have the highest percentage of deaths attributable to environmental problems. Are the countries that you identified considered developed or developing nations?
  • Identify the five countries that have the lowest percentage of deaths attributed to environmental problems. Are the countries you chose considered developed or developing nations?
  • Examine whether developed nations have higher or lower mortality rates caused by environmental issues (as defined by WHO) than developing nations.
  • Examine the countries with higher mortality rates from environmental issues on the WHO map. Do they have high or low population sizes when compared to those countries with lower mortality rates?
  • Explain your position on whether the population size is directly correlated with the environmental issues. Are there other factors or health determinants, such as social or economic factors, impacting this issue?
  • Examine whether the environmental issues would subside if population sizes decreased and were maintained.

Using the readings for this module, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, respond to the following:

  • Choosing one nation from the higher percentage and one from the lower percentage, identify a minimum of two of their environmental problems that can be linked to their mortality rates.
  • Examine any similarities between their environmental problems and those in your neighborhood.

Support your statements with scholarly references and appropriate examples.

Write your initial response in a minimum of 350 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

Recent environmental disasters have significantly impacted the human population in multiple ways. In this assignment, you will identify a recent environmental disaster and discuss potential correlated health impacts.

Begin this assignment by identifying one recent example of an environmental disaster. For example, the BP oil spill or the earthquakes in Haiti or Japan.

Using the readings for this module, the Argosy University online resources, and the Internet, write a research paper including the following:

  • Provide a description of the environmental event/disaster you have identified. Include the following points:
    • Consider if the event was caused by humans or natural.
    • Examine the direct and indirect impact on immediate- and long-term public health.
    • Identify data regarding mortality and/or morbidity outcomes, if available.
    • Explain the geographical impact with respect to health. Also consider the number of lives lost, environmental damage, economic fallout, and long-term repercussions or impact.
    • Examine the research on the likelihood of this event recurring.
  • Identify and describe the immediate- and long-term emergency response plans and efforts to the disaster you have selected. Be sure to identify which groups, organizations, and/or governments led or are leading the response efforts and the various players who participated or are participating in this response.
  • Examine the lessons learned from previous responses to similar disasters. List at least three recommendations for protecting public health from a recurrence and/or the aftermath of similar disasters in the future.
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Identify the databases and search words you would use.

Nursing Informatictis

Assignment: Application: Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum

Have you ever gone online to search for a journal article on a specific topic? It is amazing to see the large number of journals that are available in the health care field. When you view the library in its entirety, you are viewing untapped data. Until you actually research for your particular topic, there is little structure. Once you have narrowed it down, you have information and once you apply the information, you have knowledge. Eventually, after thoughtful research and diligent practice, you reach the level of wisdom—knowledge applied in meaningful ways.

Are there areas in your practice that you believe should be more fully explored? The central aims of nursing informatics are to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. This continuum represents the overarching structure of nursing informatics. In this Assignment, you develop a research question relevant to your practice area and relate how you would work through the progression from data to information, knowledge, and wisdom.

To prepare:

  • Review the information in Figure 6–2 in Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge.
  • Develop a clinical question related to your area of practice that you would like to explore.
  • Consider what you currently know about this topic. What additional information would you need to answer the question?
  • Using the continuum of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, determine how you would go about researching your question.
    • Explore the available databases in the Walden Library. Identify which of these databases you would use to find the information or data you need.
    • Once you have identified useful databases, how would you go about finding the most relevant articles and information?
    • Consider how you would extract the relevant information from the articles.
    • How would you take the information and organize it in a way that was useful? How could you take the step from simply having useful knowledge to gaining wisdom?

Write a 3- to 4-page paper that addresses the following: APA style with refernces

  • Summarize the question you developed, and then relate how you would work through the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom continuum. Be specific.
    • Identify the databases and search words you would use.
    • Relate how you would take the information gleaned and turn it into useable knowledge.
  • Can informatics be used to gain wisdom? Describe how you would progress from simply having useful knowledge to the wisdom to make decisions about the information you have found during your database search.

Your paper must also include a title page, an introduction, a summary, and a reference page.

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Pediatric Patient

The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:

  1. Compare the physical assessments among school-aged children. Describe how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of the child.
  2. Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.
  3. Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion

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What is a predetermined plan of care? Discuss how you as the Enrolled Nurse would implement the planned care

ursing – Intervention- Nursing Assignment Help

TASK

What is a predetermined plan of care? Discuss how you as the Enrolled Nurse would implement the planned care. In your answer consider your role, responsibilities, scope of practice, & other healthcare professionals involved in the person’s care.

What is a nursing intervention? Discuss how you would demonstrate respect for a person’s dignity and cultural diversity in a complex care setting. Which Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, Nursing practice standard(s) does this relate to?

Week 1 Discussion

Top of Form

“The Financial Impact of Quality Initiatives” Please respond to the following:

·         A quality initiative is used to improve health care delivery services. You can find more information on quality initiatives by visiting The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) website. Choose a health care organization (hospital, nursing facility, long term care facility, etc.) and describe two (2) quality initiatives that they have implemented. Discuss the financial impact, positive or negative, associated with implementing each initiative. Provide support for your rationale.

Bottom of Form

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Based on your analysis of the website, how would you describe your state’s progress toward meeting the IOM recommendations?

Review the four recommendations in the IOM report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Healthand find your state’s action coalition. Discuss your state’s action coalition’s work as it aligns with these four recommendations. Is each recommendation being addressed? Based on your analysis of the website, how would you describe your state’s progress toward meeting the IOM recommendations?

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Identify two (2) National Patient Safety Goals applicable to your current practice setting .

QUESTION

Nursing

Review the National Patient Safety Goals

Initial Discussion Post:

Address the following:

  • Identify two (2) National Patient Safety Goals applicable to your current practice setting .
  • For each National Patient Safety Goal, identify a type of technology that can be used to enhance patient safety

Base your initial post on your readings and research of this topic. Your initial post must contain a minimum of 250 words. References, citations, and repeating the question do not count towards the 250 word minimum.

*I am an LPN at a small hospital*

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The success of the medical field is centered around research.

Question Description

Post a thoughtful response to at least two (2) other colleagues’ initial postings. Responses to colleagues should be supportive and helpful (examples of an acceptable comment are: “This is interesting – in my practice, we treated or resolved (diagnosis or issue) with (x, y, z meds, theory, management principle) and according to the literature…” and add supportive reference. Avoid comments such as “I agree” or “good comment.”

References:

Response posts: Minimum of one (1) total reference: one (1) from peer-reviewed or course materials reference per response.

Words Limits

  • Response posts: Minimum 100 words excluding references.

Discussion 1

The success of the medical field is centered around research. The use of research and evidence-based practice in medicine usually results in improved patient outcomes. However, research usually requires a lot of time and resources. The end goal is to ensure advancements and improvements in nursing and health care in general. The purpose of this discussion is to define research and evidence-based practice in nursing and provide a sample research and clinical question.

Nursing research refers to a process of inquiry and examination in order to find answers related to nursing practice and occurrences within nursing (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). An example of a research question would be what are the effects of immobility for elderly residents in nursing homes? In such a scenario, the nurse aims to find out the impact that arise from lack of movement for these residents.

Evidence based practice refers to gathering of information from various reputable sources like scientists, nurse researchers and doctors to make informed health decisions (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). In other words, there should be proof and corroboration that a certain practice yielded positive patient outcomes. The main challenge for nurses using evidenced based practice is ensuring that the practice is highly effective, but also bears minimal cost to patients (Hain, 2017). One common example of evidence-based practice is the importance of hand washing in the prevention of spread of diseases and germs.

Research usually leads to maintaining or improving nursing practices. One of the various examples of a research question is, “What is the relationship between low income level and poor health outcomes? On the other hand, a clinical question involves studying a population of interest, a nursing intervention, a comparison intervention and a desired outcome (PICO) (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014).. One example of a clinical question is. How does exercise compare to diet in decreasing obesity in Mexican American adolescents? Such a question looks at adolescents as the population of interest and exercise as the nursing intervention while diet is the comparison intervention while the outcome is reducing obesity.

Research and evidence-based practice are part of nursing practice. It is important to incorporate these two aspects in nursing care to create efficient and effective practices. Even with challenges associated with research, the benefit outweighs the risk in the long run. The goal of nursing is to ensure that safe and effective care is provided to our patients.

References

Hain, D. J. (2017). Exploring the evidence. Focusing on the fundamentals: Comparing and contrasting nursing research and quality improvement. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 44(6), 541-544.

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Digestive Disorders

Many patient symptoms can be tied to multiple disorders, which may lead to misdiagnoses. For instance, consider two digestive disorders of the gastrointestinal tract—inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. These two disorders are commonly confused because they present similar symptoms. As an advanced practice nurse, you must know the differences to properly diagnose and treat the disorders. How does the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease compare to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome? How do treatments for the two disorders compare?

To Prepare

  • Review      Chapter 36 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 13 in the McPhee      and Hammer text.
  • Identify      the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and      irritable bowel syndrome. Think about similarities and differences between      the disorders.
  • Consider      common treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel      syndrome. Reflect on whether treatments for one disorder would work for      the other disorder.
  • Select      one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or      behavior. Reflect on how the factor you selected might impact the      pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

Post an explanation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, including similarities and differences. Then describe common treatments, addressing whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder. Finally, explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

Required Readings

**Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

  • Chapter 35, “Structure and      Function of the Digestive System”

This chapter provides information relating to the structure and function of the digestive system. It covers the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion.

  • Chapter 36, “Alterations of      Digestive Function”

This chapter presents information relating to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion. It also covers the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

  • Chapter 37, “Alterations of      Digestive Function in Children”

This chapter presents information relating to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and liver that affect children. It focuses on congenital impairment, inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, as well as the impairment of digestion, absorption, and nutrition.

**Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

  • Chapter 13,      “Gastrointestinal Disease”

This chapter provides a foundation for exploring gastrointestinal disorders by reviewing the structure and function of the GI tract. It also describes mechanisms of regulation of GI tract disorders such as acid-peptic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

  • Chapter 14, “Liver Disease”

This chapter reviews the structure and function of the liver. It then explores the clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical manifestations of three liver disorders: acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

  • Chapter 15, “Disorders of      the Exocrine Pancreas”

This chapter begins by reviewing the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the exocrine pancreas. It then examines the clinical presentation, etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, and pancreatic cancer.

**de Bortoli, N., Martinucci, I., Bellini, M., Savarino, E., Savarino, V., Blandizzi, C., & Marchi, S. (2013). Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19(35), 5787-5797. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i35.5787

– This work should have Introduction and Conclusion

– It should have at least 3 current references (Year 2013 and up)

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

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