Please answer the discussion question attached in the file below.
You are the Chief Operating Officer of a large healthcare system, composed of acute, long term care, and community based organizations in addition to long term care managed care plans. Given your current studies in health policy and management, the Chief Executive Officer of this large healthcare system has requested that you prepare a high-level briefing for the system’s Board of Directors in which you describe: (a) factors that have contributed to dramatic growth in health care spending over the past 50 years; and (b) how health care payment and delivery models are transforming to promote greater accountability for cost and quality in the health care system. Please conclude your memo with your analysis of the most promising approaches for constraining cost growth while maintaining or improving quality, as well as the limitations or open questions that accompany new reimbursement and delivery models that are intended to promote “accountable care.”
The memo must be four pages in length. Please include references to course readings as well as any relevant outside sources that support your analysis. Citations and a references page (not included in page length) are required. **You must use a recognizable memorandum format for this exercise—and it is recommended that subject areas be segmented using sub headers. Include your institution’s logo on the first page of the memo (fictitious). Be creative.
Search and Evaluate
This week, you will find three scholarly, peer-reviewed research articles on your topic. Remember that next week you will submit a paper on Scientific and/or Mathematical/Analytical perspectives of inquiry, so use this week’s assignment to prepare materials and collect information for that purpose.
Use articles that will help you explain and describe scientific issues and/or statistical data or economic information related to your topic. You will analyze and evaluate these articles in your submission, which should include:
This week, you will find three scholarly, peer-reviewed research articles on your topic. Remember that next week you will submit a paper on Scientific and/or Mathematical/Analytical perspectives of inquiry, so use this week’s assignment to prepare materials and collect information for that purpose.
Use articles that will help you explain and describe scientific issues and/or statistical data or economic information related to your topic. You will analyze and evaluate these articles in your submission, which should include:
- A brief introductory paragraph.
- Three separate paragraphs, one for each of the three articles, each presenting:
- A brief 3–4 sentence summary of the article (use in-text citations)
- An explanation as to what makes this source credible (in the WCU Library go to Research Guides > Research Basics > Evaluating Resources)
- An explanation of why the article will be useful in addressing your problem or issue
- A brief conclusory paragraph
- An APA 7th edition Style reference list on a separate page
Your paper should be 1–3 pages in length (including the References page). Adhere to APA 7th edition Style throughout.
Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.
Deliverable 7 – Statistical Analysis Report
Instructions
You are currently working at NCLEX Memorial Hospital in the Infectious Diseases Unit. Over the past few days, you have noticed an increase in patients admitted with a particular infectious disease. You believe that the ages of these patients play a critical role in the method used to treat the patients. You decide to speak to your manager, and together you work to use statistical analysis to look more closely at the ages of these patients.
You do some research and put together a spreadsheet 
of the data that contains the following information:
- Client number
- Infection disease status
- Age of the patient
You are to put together a PowerPoint presentation that explains the analysis of your findings which you will submit to your manager. The presentation should contain all components of your findings. For review, the components of the report should include:
- Brief overview of the scenario and variables in the data set
- Discussion, calculation, and interpretation of the mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, and variance
- Discussion, construction, and interpretation of the 95% confidence interval
- Explanation of the full hypothesis test
- Conclusion
The calculations should be performed in your spreadsheet that you will also submit to your manager. You can find additional information on what to add to your PowerPoint presentation in this Word document
. Use the questions in the worksheet as your guide for the contents of your presentation.
For your final deliverable, submit your PowerPoint presentation and the Excel workbook showing your work. Do not submit your Word document.
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Deliverable_07_Question
***PAPER MUST BE 5 PAGES***
The assignment components and grading specifics are outlined below:
(1) What is the hypothesis of the research?
(2) List and operationalize all independent and dependent variables examined.
(3) What method of data collection was used and the sample examined?
4) Discuss the prior literature reviewed and its relevance to the research problem. Do you believe the literature review is an adequate representation of all relevant studies?
(5) What do the findings suggest?
(6) Can this research be generalized? Why or why not?
(7) How well do you believe the research design chosen was suited to the research question?
(8) How clearly was the data presented and discussed? Do you believe the results are substantively important?
(9) What additional questions or hypotheses are suggested by the study’s results?
(10) What are some of the potential drawbacks of this research?
The assignment components and grading specifics are outlined below:
(1) What is the hypothesis of the research?
(2) List and operationalize all independent and dependent variables examined.
(3) What method of data collection was used and the sample examined?
4) Discuss the prior literature reviewed and its relevance to the research problem. Do you believe the literature review is an adequate representation of all relevant studies?
(5) What do the findings suggest?
(6) Can this research be generalized? Why or why not?
(7) How well do you believe the research design chosen was suited to the research question?
(8) How clearly was the data presented and discussed? Do you believe the results are substantively important?
(9) What additional questions or hypotheses are suggested by the study’s results?
(10) What are some of the potential drawbacks of this research?
1. A major difference between the private sector and the public sector is the “divide between payer and decider.” In the private sector, we choose a product and decide if we want to pay for it or not, and then purchase it or not. In the public sector, we pay taxes into a “pot” where all the taxes from all payers are gathered. Then our representatives decide how that money should be spent. What impact does this divide have on budgeting AND on public satisfaction with how funds are spent?
2. The budget cycle (executive preparation, legislative consideration, budget execution, audit) is at least three years long (for one budget year). How does this extended time period impact the utility of budgets and how we measure the effectiveness of budgeting?
3. Does the budget format selected make any difference in preparing, adopting, implementing or auditing the budget? What about public understanding of the budget?
4. Has post-1970 “budgetary reform” simply been a struggle for power between the legislative bodies and the executive, or have they been sincere efforts to get spending under control? If the latter, why does Congress need a law to force them to exercise spending control?
2. The budget cycle (executive preparation, legislative consideration, budget execution, audit) is at least three years long (for one budget year). How does this extended time period impact the utility of budgets and how we measure the effectiveness of budgeting?
3. Does the budget format selected make any difference in preparing, adopting, implementing or auditing the budget? What about public understanding of the budget?
4. Has post-1970 “budgetary reform” simply been a struggle for power between the legislative bodies and the executive, or have they been sincere efforts to get spending under control? If the latter, why does Congress need a law to force them to exercise spending control?
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For this topic, we are going to have a conversation on the different forms of voter suppression/intimidation. There are many different forms, some of which of depend state by state, some maybe argued or debated over of the legitimacy, but many of the forms listed have plenty of documented record and public consensus of their legitimacy. In the past we have seen such forms as poll taxes, literacy tests and “grandfather clauses”. Today, voter suppression or intimidation has included Voter ID laws, gerrymandering, limiting early voting and underfunded or lack of voting recourses like closing polling sites, limiting ballot boxes for mail-in votes and understaffed polls that create long lines and long waiting periods which may deter people from voting.
PLEASE REVIEW: Visit the link here for a list of forms of voter suppression published by The Voting Rights Alliance.
Please review the list and pick two forms of voter suppression that are of interest or concern to you. You may choose forms of voter suppression that have been covered in the assigned readings or you may choose others. Take some time and search online, reading different articles and watching different videos to understand what these forms of voter suppression are, how they affect the voter and what has been done or suggested to address that issue. I have extended the deadline to post until next Friday, Nov. 6, so you may want to wait for the assigned readings/videos on Monday that will cover some of the forms mentioned to have a better understanding. This exercise is intended for you to do some of our own exploration on the types of voter suppression and/or intimidation.
Once you have an understanding of the two forms of voter suppression you chose, in your own words described to us in the post, using examples from your sources and tell us what these two forms are and why you chose them and what has been done or suggested to resolve these forms of suppression.
PLEASE REVIEW: Visit the link here for a list of forms of voter suppression published by The Voting Rights Alliance.
Please review the list and pick two forms of voter suppression that are of interest or concern to you. You may choose forms of voter suppression that have been covered in the assigned readings or you may choose others. Take some time and search online, reading different articles and watching different videos to understand what these forms of voter suppression are, how they affect the voter and what has been done or suggested to address that issue. I have extended the deadline to post until next Friday, Nov. 6, so you may want to wait for the assigned readings/videos on Monday that will cover some of the forms mentioned to have a better understanding. This exercise is intended for you to do some of our own exploration on the types of voter suppression and/or intimidation.
Once you have an understanding of the two forms of voter suppression you chose, in your own words described to us in the post, using examples from your sources and tell us what these two forms are and why you chose them and what has been done or suggested to resolve these forms of suppression.
This week you continue your work on your course project by completing an outline. Falls, pressure ulcers, nursing turnover, nursing retention, catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI’s), central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI’s), patient education, communication (be a little more specific…shift-to-shift report, bedside report, nurse-to physician communication, etc.), call light management, hourly rounding, alarm management, bar-coding medication administration, etcRemember, this is only an outline, and not a paper; it does not need to be in paragraph format. You may use bullets or an outline formatting within Microsoft Word. Remember to create a title page and a reference page (if you cite any sources). For this outline, 1-page is the minimum, but it can certainly be more than that. Here is an example outline to get started:
- Define your project
- What is it? Many people do not know what pressure ulcers, CAUTI or CLABSI, etc. are.
- Statistics – What is the prevalence/incidence rates across the US or in your state/region?
- Causes (what are some of the causes?)
- List one cause here
- List another cause here, etc.
- Benefits for preventing/fixing/decreasing
- List reasons here
- How to prevent
- List
- Methods
- Here
- Nursing Interventions
- What are things nurses can do to help with this topic?
- List them here
- Define your project
The discovery of the antibiotic Penicillin in the 1920s made a big impact on human history. Not only did it provide a cure for bacterial infections that were once deadly, but it also led to a golden age in discovery of new antibiotics. The great benefit of these drugs is that antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacterial cells or kill them outright, and yet, on the whole, do not harm eukaryotic cells.
Answer BOTH of the following questions:
Answer BOTH of the following questions:
- Given the following list of antibiotics and their targets, explain how each stops bacteria without harming human cells. Base your analyses on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
- Considering the targets of these antibiotics, explain why antibiotics in general would not be useful for treating a viral infection.
Antibiotic Target
Penicillin Blocks cell wall synthesis
Tetracycline Blocks protein synthesis by binding to the 30S Unit of the ribosome
Chloramphenicol Blocks protein synthesis by binding to the 50S Unit of the ribosome
Sulfonamides Inhibit folic acid synthesis
Vancomycin Blocks cross-linking of the peptidoglycan in the cell wall
Read this to enhance your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: How do antibiotics kill bacterial cells but not human cells?
See a comparison of bacterial and viral features here: Differences between bacteria and viruses.
Follow these guidelines for your paper:
- Utilize at least 1 credible source to support the arguments presented in the paper. Make sure you cite appropriately within your paper, and list the reference(s) in APA format on your Reference page.
- Your paper should be 1–2 pages in length, not counting the Title page and Reference page.
Endocrinology
Refer to Data Set BONEDEN.DAT at www.cengagebrain .com.
3 Use regression analysis to relate the number of pack-years smoked to the bone density of the lumbar spine. Assess the goodness of fit of the regression line. (Hint: For a twinship, relate the difference in bone density between the heavier- and lighter-smoking twin to the difference in the number of pack-years of smoking.)
4 Answer the question in Problem 3 for bone density at the femoral neck.
5 Answer the question in Problem 3 for bone density at the femoral shaft. One of the issues in relating bone density to smoking is that smokers and nonsmokers differ in many other characteristics that may be related to bone density; these differences are referred to as confounders.
6 Compare the weight of the heavier- vs. the lightersmoking twin using hypothesis-testing methods.
7 Repeat the analyses in Problem 3 controlling for weight differences between the heavier- and the lightersmoking twins.
8 Answer the question in Problem 7 for bone density at the femoral neck.
9 Answer the question in Problem 7 for bone density at the femoral shaft.
Cancer, Endocrinology
Obesity is very common in American society and is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. One mechanism explaining why obesity is a risk factor is that it may raise estrogen levels in women. In particular, one biomarker of estrogen, serum estradiol, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. To better assess these relationships, researchers studied a group of 151 African American and 60 Caucasian premenopausal women. Adiposity was quantified by two different measures: BMI = weight (kg)/height2 (m2) and waisthip ratio (WHR) = waist circumference/hip circumference. BMI is a measure of overall adiposity, whereas WHR is a measure of abdominal adiposity. In addition, a complete hormonal profile was obtained, including serum estradiol (ES_1). Finally, other breast-cancer risk factors were also assessed among these women, including (1) ethnicity (ETHNIC = 1 if African American, = 0 if Caucasian), (2) age (ENTAGE), (3) parity (NUMCHILD = number of children), (4) age at first birth (AGEFBO), (5) any children (ANYKIDS = 1 if yes, = 0 if no), (6) age at menarche (AGEMNRCH = age when menstrual periods began). The data are provided in Data Set ESTRADL. DAT at www.cengagebrain.com
10 Is there a crude association between either measure of adiposity (BMI, WHR), considered separately, and serum estradiol?
11 Are these relationships similar for Caucasian and African American women?
12 Do the relationships between the adiposity measures and serum estradiol persist after controlling for the other breast-cancer risk factors in list items 1 to 6?
13 It is well known that African American women have higher levels of obesity than Caucasian women. Are there differences between estradiol levels for African American women and Caucasian women after controlling for obesity?
Regression
14 Is there evidence of nonlinearity for age or for height?
15 What is the estimated mean FEV for a nonsmoking 15-year-old boy with height = 5’6” (66 inches)?
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