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Informal Fallacies

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 Psychology homework help

M5 Assignment 2 Discussion

Assignment 2: Discussion—Informal Fallacies

In this assignment, you will compose three original examples of informal fallacy arguments. This assignment allows you to examine common fallacies in everyday reasoning.
Start by reading the article “Fallacies of Logic: Argumentation Cons” found in the Argosy University Online Library.

Shapiro, I. D. (2007). Fallacies of logic: Argumentation cons. et Cetera, 64(1), 75–86. Retrieved from
http://www.thecampuscommon.com/library/ezproxy/ticketdemocs.asp? sch=auo&turl=http://search.proquest.com/docview/204105839

Using the types of arguments listed in this article or in the module readings, respond to the following:

  • Draft two original fallacies. Do not identify the fallacies, allow your peers to determine what fallacy your example represents.

Next, using the Internet, respond to the following:

  • Research a third informal fallacy not already covered in the readings.
    • Identify and define the fallacy. For example, appeal to tradition, false dichotomy, etc.
    • Explain why this type of fallacy is a bad way of reasoning.
    • Construct an original fallacy argument of that type.
    • Provide a citation for your source. Ensure that you apply APA standards to the citation of sources.

Support your statements with examples and scholarly references.
Write your initial response in 200–300 words.Shapiro, I. D. (2007). Fallacies of logic: Argumentation cons. et Cetera, 64(1), 75–86. Retrieved from
http://www.thecampuscommon.com/library/ezproxy/ticketdemocs.asp? sch=auo&turl=http://search.proquest.com/docview/204105839

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the solution-focused model and solution-focused questions

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Social workers who utilize the solution-focused model are mindful of how their conversations with their clients, families, groups, or even community members facilitate their thinking about solutions. The client is always the “expert,” and therefore social workers ask questions to explore how the client perceives the problem and situation.Social workers may use solution-focused questions such as the miracle question. For example, “Suppose you woke up one morning and by some miracle everything you ever wanted, everything good you could ever imagine for yourself, had actually happened—your life had turned out exactly the way you wanted it. What would be different in your life?” When clients are asked this, it forces them to reflect on what they want or would like to achieve. By projecting themselves into the future, clients are more likely to imagine what is possible rather than focusing on the past and their failures. This allows for the possibility of developing solutions.
In this Discussion, you apply the solution-focused model and solution-focused questions. You provide other solution-focused questions, similar to the miracle question that was provided for you. Although the textbook provides actual examples of solution-focused questions, always think about your client—you may have to modify the question a bit to take into account the client’s age, cognitive and developmental stage, culture, etc., so that the question makes sense to the client.
To prepare:Recall a case from your fieldwork experience to use for this Discussion.Review and focus on pages 520–521 in your textbook.
In 1 to 2 sentences, briefly identify and describe the problem as perceived by the client, family, or group that you dealt with in your past fieldwork experience. From the list of solution-focused questions on page 520 (e.g., exception questions, coping questions, scaling questions, and relationship questions), identify two different types of questions, and ask each question as if you were actually asking the questions to the client. (Remember, do not use the miracle question.) Remember that the goal of these questions is to assist clients in identifying a solutionExplain how asking these two questions would help the client in coming up with the solution. In 1 to 2 sentences, reflect and explain how asking these questions made you feel and perhaps how the client might feel. No more then 500 words
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Sociocognitive and Complexity Theory Perspectives

Prior to beginning this discussion, please read the following required articles:

  • “Language Acquisition Socialization: Sociocognitive and Complexity Theory Perspectives”
  • “The Learning Brain: Lessons for Education: A Précis”
  • “The Cultural-Historical Foundations of the Zone of Proximal Development”
  • “Self-Determination, Self-Regulation, and the Brain: Autonomy Improves Performance by Enhancing Neuroaffective Responsiveness to Self-Regulation Failure”
  • “Acquisition, Learning, or Development of Language? Skinner’s ‘Verbal Behavior’ Revisited”
  • “Linguistic variation and micro-cues in first language acquisition.”

Based on your resources this week, choose three areas of language acquisition that you found most interesting and that were unknown to you prior to this week.
In your initial post,

  • Explain the theoretical perspectives of each of these chosen areas.
  • Apply skeptical inquiry to a brief discussion about why language acquisition is an important area for scholars and educators to understand when developing learning opportunities.
  • Apply the concept of language acquisition to your own academic success. Has your own language development affected your success as a student? As an employee? How? Based on the resources and your current knowledge, do you believe you could develop areas of language acquisition, personally, that would be beneficial to you, your loved ones, or your friends?

Your initial post should be at least 500 words in length and thoroughly discuss each of the elements in the prompt

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Intervention Strategy Paper

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Intervention Strategy Paper
Intervention
3 page paper
Present a mutually developed and agreed upon intervention strategy with specific goals and objective. Provide a rationale for your selection.
Describe your intervention from beginning to end, including termination. How did you help the client prevent or resolve problems? How did you negotiate mediate and advocate for your client. Select and discuss at least 3 practice skills (micro/macro) used in your intervention with the client.
Write a critique of your work with the client. What did you do well in terms of the intervention? What could have been done to improve the outcomes with the client? How was the intervention empowering? How may it have been discriminatory or oppressive?
Provide a discussion of whether the intervention was developed from a theoretical practice model. If so, which practice theory? If not, what practice theory could have been used to facilitate better outcomes? Regardless, analyze and provide evidence-based knowledge about the theory-based intervention (used or proposed) and its effectiveness.
Here are the section headings (in red) you should have to get maximum credit–3 points per section. Have one certain intervention in mind when you write this section—Cognitive behavior theory (CBT), Motivational interviewing (MI), , Solution Focused, Strengths based, etc.
Treatment plan development with goals and measurable objectives
For example:
Goal: Increase and practice ability to manage anger:
Objectives: (pick one or two) These will be used to write your evaluation section, so the more measurable the better. SMART objectives are explained in another file under Course Materials
-In the next 2 weeks, the Client is able to walk away from situations that trigger strong emotions as measured by a client observation checklist 100% of the time.
-During the next 30 days, the client will be 90% free of tantrums/explosive episodes measured by self report and client incident sheet documentation.
-In the next week the client will learn two positive anger management skills and be able to discuss these with the therapist 100% of the time when asked.
Intervention description—describe the detailed implementation of the intervention selected
3 Intervention skills describe 3 intervention skills used based on the intervention selected (in TF CBT, for example, you might pick a relaxation exercise, trauma narrative and cognitive challenging).
Intervention strengths and weaknesses what are the benefits (=strengths) or not (= weaknesses of using this intervention with the client?
Theory behind the intervention what is the theory behind the intervention—who researched it for clients like yours and what are the results of these studies? This section can be moved toward the beginning of the section if that helps. Please cite your references and add a reference list at the end.

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What do you see as the strengths and weaknesses of the typology?

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Paper needs to be apa format, 3-4 pages,must show references,

Career Typology & Choice

Holland’s typology and contributions to the career field are well known and widely used as a foundation to career counseling. Holland’s career typology is grounded in the belief that individuals are attracted to particular occupations to fulfill their personal needs and provide them with satisfaction. The theory rests on four assumptions:

  1. In our culture, persons can be categorized as one of the following: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, or conventional.
  2. There are six modal environments: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.
  3. People search for environments that will let them exercise their skills and abilities, express their attitudes and values, and take on agreeable problems and roles.
  4. Behavior is determined by an interaction between personality and environment.

In a 700- to 1050-word (2- to 3-page) paper (not including the title and references pages) evaluate Holland’s career typology and address the following questions:

  • What do you see as the strengths and weaknesses of the typology?
  • What is the connection between Holland’s typology and career choice?
  • What factors might influence career choices that were not considered by Holland?
  • What other significant contributions has Holland made to career counseling?
  • How might you use this information when working with clients?

Use at least two scholarly sources in addition to the course text.

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What is the Hygiene Hypothesis?

 Nursing homework help
Researchers are increasingly looking for answers as allergic diseases continue to rise in the population. The predominant explanation, coined the “hygiene hypothesis” by Professor David Strachan in 1989, states that a lack of early childhood exposure to microbes and other infectious agents increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system. The idea was widely reported by the media that developed societies, like the United States, have become “too clean”.
Read the following article about the hygiene hypothesis to learn more, then answer the questions below in your initial post:
Bradford, A. (2016). What is the Hygiene Hypothesis? Live Science. Accessed at http://www.livescience.com/54078-hygiene-hypothesis.html on September 14, 2016.

  1. Conduct some independent research on the hygiene hypothesis. What contradictory evidence against the hypothesis can you find?
  2. Have any new hypotheses been proposed to explain the increase in allergic conditions? How does it support the original hygiene hypothesis?

Do you think the hygiene hypothesis needs to be renamed? Why or why not?
250 words

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Discuss a problem from the field of forensic psychology that you would like to have resolved through investigative research methods.

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Research investigators often encounter the following saying: “A problem that goes unnoticed or ignored is a problem without a resolution.”
Discuss a problem from the field of forensic psychology that you would like to have resolved through investigative research methods.
Use the following questions as guidelines for formulating the actual quantitative research question with respect to the problem that you identify:

  • What is the specific problem?
  • What is the evidence of the problem?
  • What do you suspect is causing the problem?
  • Is the research question clearly expressed without being too general or too narrow?
  • Does the question relate to the identified problem?
  • Is the research, based on the research question, feasible?
  • Will the research, based on the research question, add to the body of knowledge in the forensic psychology field?

After you submit your research question, read the responses of your classmates and critique the research question of at least two of them. To ensure each of your classmates receives feedback, please first respond to those who have not received any from your peers. Use these same questions as critique criteria in your response to other classmates:

  • Is the question clearly expressed without being too general or too narrow?
  • Does the question relate to the identified problem?
  • Are there any barriers to the research?
  • Will the research, based on the research question, add to the content body of knowledge?
  • Were these questions fully addressed?
    • What is the specific problem you are encountering?
    • What evidence do you have that there is a problem?
    • What do you suspect is causing the problem?
    • 300 words.
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How competitive are graduate programs in I/O psychology?

 Psychology homework help
This assignment has two major sections.  However, you will be creating a single document for submission.

  • In Section I, you will read the case scenarios of three  adults who are about to complete their bachelor’s degree in psychology  and provide responses based on your reading and research to address the  concerns in the scenarios.
  • In Section II, you will evaluate yourself and rate your  own credentials in terms of your readiness for the next step after  obtaining your bachelor’s degree, should you be interested in pursuing  your education further.
  • Please label the sections as Section I and Section II in your document.

Section I
Use the information  presented in Chapter 8 of your course text as well as the required  websites to assist you in addressing the scenarios. You will also need  to do some additional research. Recommended websites are provided and  you will find useful information on the websites of graduate programs in  psychology and other mental health-related fields.

  1. Denise has decided she wants to counsel children and adolescents.  She has a modest amount of interest in reading research findings that  are relevant to counseling children and youth. She has little interest  in conducting research. She is exploring the following options for her  degree after her bachelor’s degree:
    • Master of Arts/ Master of Science in Clinical Psychology
    • Master of Arts/ Master of Science in Counseling Psychology
    • Master of Education in Counseling Psychology
    • Master of Social Work
    • Master of Science in Pastoral Counseling
    • Master of Science in Counseling.
    • Research the programs Denise is considering and list at least two pros and cons for each option.
  2. Raul always thought he wanted to be a clinical or counseling  psychologist until he did some volunteer work in a psychiatric clinic  and interviewed several psychologists and counselors. Now, as a senior  who is months away from graduation, Raul is trying to decide what his  next academic and career steps should be. He has a moderate interest in  research but does not care much for writing papers. He could see himself  teaching, if necessary, but it is not his passion. He already has a  wife and two children, so earning potential is important to him.
    • What advice would you give Raul based on the information from this week’s resources?
  3. After many years in the corporate world, John was let go from his  company due to down-sizing. He is interested in integrating what he  learned in business with psychology. He believes that  Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology might be a good fit for him.
    • What types of graduate options are available for John?
    • How competitive are graduate programs in I/O psychology?
    • What does he need to do to make sure he is competitive enough to be accepted into a graduate program?

Section II
For this section, copy and paste the  information from Table 8.4 in your text and then rate yourself for each  of the items.  Be sure to include an explanation for each at the bottom  of the individual sections. See the document with the information  attached here. ( Section II )
Writing Careers in Psychology
The Assignment:

  1. Must be at least three to four double-spaced pages in length  (excluding title and reference pages), and formatted according to APA  style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  2. Must include a separate title page with the following:
    1. Title of paper
    2. Student’s name
    3. Course name and number
    4. Instructor’s name
    5. Date submitted
  3. Must include all the information listed in Section I of the prompt  as well as the copied information from the Section II document.
  4. Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  5. Must include a separate reference page that lists any cited sources  and is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford  Writing Center.
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Identify attributes of leadership styles and approaches that facilitate quality supervision

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 Psychology homework help
 
Assignment 1: Planning a Needs Assessment II
One of the many reasons social workers conduct needs assessment is to provide support for new programs. Social workers have many methods available to collect necessary data for a needs assessment.
Social workers can use existing data from a wide range of sources, including local and national reports by government and nonprofit agencies, as well as computerized mapping resources. Social workers can gather new data through interviews and surveys with individuals and focus groups. This data can provide the evidence that supports the need for the program.
To prepare for this Assignment, review the needs assessment plans that you and your classmates generated for this week’s Discussion. Also, review the logic models that you created in Week 7 and any literature on needs of caregivers that you used to generate them.
Consider the following to stimulate your thinking:
· Getting information about the needs of the target population:

  • Who would informants be?
  • What is your purpose for        interacting with them?
  • What questions would you ask?
  • What method would you use        (interview, focus group, questionnaire)?

· Finding potential clients:

  • Who would informants be?
  • What is your purpose for        interacting with them?
  • What questions would you ask?
  • What method would you use?

· Interacting with the target population:

  • Who would informants be?
  • What is your purpose for        interacting with them?
  • What questions would you ask?
  • What method would you use?

Submit a 2-page paper outlining a hypothetical needs assessment related to the support group program for caregivers. Include the following:
· The resources needed to operate this service
· The program activities
· The desired outcomes
· A plan for gathering information about the population served
· Justifications for your plans and decisions
· A one-paragraph conclusion describing how you might conduct a follow-up to the needs assessment at the implementation stage of the program evaluation
References (use 2 or more)
Dudley, J. R. (2014). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do. (2nd ed.) Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.
· (For review) Chapter 6, “Needs Assessment” (pp. 107–142)
· Chapter 7, “Crafting Goals and Objectives” (pp. 144–164)
Document: Tutty, L. M., & Rothery, M. A. (2010). Needs assessments. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods (2nd ed.,pp. 149–162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (PDF)
Assignment:
Journal: Supervising Others
Take a minute and think about the supervisors you have had in the workplace. What were characteristics of effective supervisors? As you reflect on these experiences, consider how supervision affected your ability to complete the tasks associated with your job. Also, think about how leadership styles can influence the relationship between social workers and their supervisors.
For this Assignment, review the Petrakis case study in this week’s video and note how supervisory and leadership skills are portrayed.
Assignment (4–5 paragraphs)
Complete the following Journal entry:
· Identify attributes of leadership styles and approaches that facilitate quality supervision.
· Evaluate the supervisory and leadership skills demonstrated in the Petrakis case study by identifying which supervisory and leadership skills the supervisor demonstrated.

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Describe the reciprocal relationship between behavior and attitudes

Psychology homework help
In this assignment, you apply and integrate the concepts of attribution, attitude, behavior, and cognitive dissonance.
Identify a situation in which an individual was persuaded into a decision to engage in behavior that violated social values, beliefs, attitudes, ethics, and/or morals, such as misrepresenting a product, underreporting income on taxes, falsifying services on a billing document, taking supplies from work, or engaging in vandalism.
Write a 700-word paper in which you analyze your identified situation. Address the following items:

  • Analyze the situation from the perspective of the individual’s social, cultural, and spiritual influences and his or her ethics. Refrain from inserting your own judgments and opinions.
  • Describe the reciprocal relationship between behavior and attitudes.
  • Cite at least 3 references.

Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

Every individual has faced a hard decision in one time of their lives and has come across a situation against their values and morals. Every person is different and has their morals, belief, and ethics they live by on an everyday basis. Society today is persuaded or pressured by another individual to do something wrong, even if they don’t want to do it. In this paper, we will discuss and identify a situation where a girl named Cristina decides to decide her values and morals, in regards to cheating and lying on her taxes. Even though she knew what might happen and what the consequences could be her morals were questioned.

Summary of the Situation

Cristina has realized she has worked a lot of overtime within the year and has made too much money. Furthermore, she knows that filling herself will result in having to pay back the IRS money she can’t even afford. Cristina’s sister had mentioned to her that she could let her claim her two children and use their social security, to get back a couple thousand therefore in return, Cristina could give her five hundred for both children. However, Cristina is aware that by claiming them it’s a wrongful act and she is committing fraud for alleging children that are not hers and can be held accountable and get audited by the IRS. Cristina isn’t thinking of the consequences of what might happen if she gets audited she is only thinking of the money she will get back. She also has an evident understanding of what is right from wrong.

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