One of the most basic principles of public health is that all people  have a right to health. Unfortunately, a right to health does not  guarantee good health or equivalent health status amongst people.  Although the term “disparities” is often interpreted to mean racial or  ethnic disparities, many dimensions of disparities exist in the United  States, particularly in health. If a health outcome is seen in a greater  or lesser extent between populations, there is disparity. Race,  ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, age, disability, socioeconomic status,  and geographic location all contribute to an individual’s ability to  achieve good health.
The purpose of this assignment is to consider the historic background  of health disparities. You will also relate this history to the current  state of healthcare, changes that have occurred over time and changes  that are still needed in public health.
Using the readings for this module, Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, respond to the following:

Examine the differences between health equity, health disparity, and  health inequality, using examples and scholarly references for support.
Review the article and answer the question that follows:

What aspects of the article do you think are still applicable in health services today and which do you think are not?

Support your statements with appropriate examples and scholarly references.
Write your initial response in approximately 200 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.

Healthcare Programs

Research a local health policy issue that is a hot topic in your state. You can also contact a local county commissioner or state Congressional member in your state to gain insight on the issue or (you may also research local or state government websites or refer to the local news media).

On the basis of your research, answer the following:

  • Discuss the implications of the selected issue on the community as a whole.
  • Who all are affected by the policy?
  • Who are the key stakeholders in the development of the policy? Discuss their individual roles in policy development?
  • Explain the roles of those responsible for implementing the policy.
  • Does federal government play any role in the policy development process and its relationship in terms of funding? If yes, explain.
  • If the federal government is not involved in the policy development process and its relationship in terms of funding, should it be involved? Why or why not?

Research the policy demographics of CHIP in your state. Also examine the adequacy of the CHIP program in your state.

  • In your opinion, if Medicaid was meant to cover families living below the poverty line, then what is the purpose of CHIP?
  • Illustrate the differences and similarities between the two programs?
  • Every state has its own variation of CHIP. What does your state call the program?
  • Who all are covered in CHIP and what are the eligibility requirements?
  • In your state, if CHIP is meant to cover uninsured children, why are there so many uninsured families with children?

In many national healthcare systems, the providers of care are either subsidized or work directly for government-owned facilities. In the United States, the government-operated programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, contract with providers. The VA, on the other hand operates its own system of hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. Medicare and Medicaid set the rules regarding which services are offered and the amount to be paid for those services.

  • Compare and contrast the VA Health System with Medicare and Medicaid. Describe in detail the similarities and differences.
  • What lessons can the programs learn from each other when looking at administration of services and programs offered by recipients? Discuss the implications in terms of access to care, controlling costs, and ensuring quality care.

Assignment Content

  1. Imagine this scenario: Pine Valley Furniture wants to use Internet systems to provide value to its customers and staff. There are many software technologies available to Internet systems development teams, including SOAP, HTML, JSON, XML, CSS, ASP.NET, Objective-C, PHP, Java™, Python, Ruby, AJAX, Swift™, AngularJS, Bootstrap, jQuery, and R.
    Choose 1 of the following formats for this assignment:

    • Comparison table (3–4 pages)
    • Tabbed spreadsheet with a supporting narrative
    • Address the following items in your assignment:
    • Compare at least 3 Internet systems developments software technologies for use at Pine Valley Furniture.
    • Analyze how the selected Internet systems developments software technologies support Pine Valley Furniture’s core business processes.
    • Justify why an Internet systems developer might choose a specific type of technology instead of another type of technology for Pine Valley Furniture.
    • Explain how these technologies can bring value to Pine Valley Furniture.
    • Incorporate additional research to support your comparison.
    • Cite references to support your assignment.
      Format your citations according to APA guidelines.
      Submit your assignment.

Select a health care facility or service (e.g., hospital, physician practice, long-term care facility, ambulance service, pharmacy, or skilled nursing facility).

Identify and read one recently proposed or enacted state or federal legislation that has an impact on your selected health care facility or service.

Write a 700- to 1,050-word policy brief on the effects the legislation will have on your selected facility or service and on the state’s population. Use the following structure when putting together your policy brief:

  • Title
  • Executive Summary (175 to 260 words)
  • Recommendations
  • Introduction
    • State recommendation again
    • Body
      • Overview of problem
      • Review of relevant research
      • Application of research results
      • Policy Implications
      • Conclusion

Cite 3 reputable references to support your assignment (e.g., trade or industry publications, government or agency websites, scholarly works, or other sources of similar quality).

Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.

The executive summary needs to be one page. 

You will review both quantitative and qualitative research. The topic is up to you as long as you choose a peer-reviewed, academic research piece. I suggest choosing a topic that is at least in the same family as your expected dissertation topic so that you can start viewing what is out there. There are no hard word counts or page requirements as long as you cover the basic guidelines. You must submit original work, however, and a paper that returns as a large percentage of copy/paste to other sources will not be accepted. (Safe Assign will be used to track/monitor your submission for plagiarism. Submissions with a Safe Assign match of more than 25% will not be accepted.)
Please use APA formatting and include the following information:
Introduction/Background: Provide context for the research article. What led the author(s) to write the piece? What key concepts were explored? Were there weaknesses in prior research that led the author to the current hypothesis or research question?
Methodology: Describe how the data was gathered and analyzed. What research questions or hypotheses were the researcher trying to explore? What statistical analysis was used?
Study Findings and Results: What were the major findings from the study? Were there any limitations?
Conclusions: Evaluate the article in terms of significance, research methods, readability and the implications of the results. Does the piece lead into further study? Are there different methods you would have chosen based on what you read? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the article in terms of statistical analysis and application? (This is where a large part of the rubric is covered.)
References

1
I find this one works best if you respond to the following list on a scrap piece of notebook paper.  It is playful, so don’t think your responses have to be too serious.  Also, it’s best to jot down the first thing that comes to mind. Don’t overthink!  Here goes:
Pick an animal (something a bit more exotic than a dog or cat)
Pick a color
Pick a phobia
Pick a profession other than your own
Pick a fruit
Pick an usual facial feature
Pick an emotion
2.
\write a short piece of fiction featuring the animal, the color, the profession, the fruit, the facial feature, and the emotion you came up with.  Your main character must have the unusual facial feature and the profession you’ve chosen.  He/She/They live in a town by the name of the emotion you picked.  It’s up to you how all of your other details feature into the story.
It’s amazing how an experiment such as this one can teach us the value of improvisation!  Sometimes when we begin a story, we have already spent so much time overthinking it that all freshness is lost.  A game such as this one reminds us that we can let our writing tell us what it needs!

 This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin®.Instructions
Introduction
The objective of this assignment is to apply the scientific method to primate observation. As you have learned in your textbook readings and online learning activities, a primate is a lemur, loris, tarsier, monkey, or ape. Examples of primates can be found in your textbook. To meet the assignment objective, you will be writing a report (an essay) about the scientific observation of non-human primates and their behaviors.
Which primate interests you? What primate behaviors interest you? These are questions to ask yourself before getting started.
Plan which non-human primates you want to observe by formulating questions and hypotheses with predictions (more description in this article by Crocket & Ha and in this lab from Kenyon University). Questions frame what you want to know. Hypotheses are the answers to the questions. Predictions are what you expect to see to support or refute the hypotheses. Write this plan down.
Method
Your plan will determine which method you will use to determine if the predictions are true or not. So, how do you observe primates? Primate behaviors can be observed using animal behavioral sampling methods. You can observe behaviors as expressed by individuals or groups, individual behaviors over long or within short bursts of time, or a combination all of the above. There are several methods you can employ to observe primates and they are outlined here and here. Write down what you see, hear, feel, and notice. Taking down data requires organization. Here are some sample datasheets you can use to organize your data: data sheet 1 and data sheet 2 (go to page 29).
Where do you observe primates? There are several live cams of primates living in zoos and sanctuaries, and options for narrated primate videos. Here are a few options:

You could also go to your local zoo. It is not required to go to the zoo for this assignment because it might not be open or feasible to go. If you go to the zoo, find the non-human primates. Observe the non-human primates quietly. Be respectful of their living space and other humans observing with you.
Once you’ve spent time observing primates, take the observations and data collections and write a report about your findings. Be sure to include the following information points:

  • Introduce the problem. Explain the background of what is known and include your question. Cite any information that you found.
  • Answer your question with a hypothesis and predictions.
  • Describe your methods and materials. Cite your methods, including the zoo and any videos you watched.
  • List the results and cite the results found – did your observations and data collection support or refute your hypothesis? If you use multiple sources for your data, you have to cite the sources in the text and at the end. So, if you use a combination of several videos and zoo visits, you must tell me which videos and zoo visits go with which pieces of data.
  • Explain why your data support or refute your hypothesis. Use the data and information from your textbooks to explain why your data support or refute your hypothesis. List any limitations or drawbacks in your methods that may have contributed to your results.
  • Conclude by explaining what you found and with possible experiments for the future.

Notice that this assignment requires you to observe non-human primates (lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, or apes). You may do so through videos or at the zoo. This is more than just analyzing what you read in a book or website about primates. Observations of humans or animals that are not primates for this assignment will not count for credit.
Here is the most common question for Essay 2.
Format
All work must be addressed in essay format. It is recommended to format the paper with the following as headings to make sure they are addressed in the paper: introduction/hypothesis, materials & methods, results, discussion/limitations/future projects. Tables, figures, and descriptive ways of explaining data are encouraged.
This assignment must be written using a word processing program and saved either as .doc or .docx. ASA format is required. All information must be cited in ASA in the text and at the end of the paper. It is expected that at least one reference from the course is used, such as the textbook or lab book.

  1. Essays must have at least 3 pages, double spaced, 1-inch margins, and 12 point font in Microsoft Word. Recommendations:
    1. put page numbers on your assignment to make it easier to read.
    2. remember to put your name and the name of the assignment on your paper.
    3. refer to the Social Science Style Sheet for any other questions.
  2. Examples are necessary. You must use an example to illustrate your point otherwise I have no idea that you understand what you are explaining.
  3. References are necessary. Cite your references in the text of your document and at the end as a list on a page titled Works Cited in American Sociological Association Format (a general list of websites is not acceptable). References must include one of the class resources – the textbook or one of the scientific articles or videos from the class. Absolutely no dictionaries or encyclopedias, non-scientific websites or sources – you will lose points if these are present in your paper.
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What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should you be prescribing drugs to this patient?

These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient. As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives on a daily basis. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. In this Discussion, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond.

Scenario 1:

As a nurse practitioner, you prescribe medications for your patients. You make an error when prescribing medication to a 5-year-old patient. Rather than dosing him appropriately, you prescribe a dose suitable for an adult.

Scenario 2:

A friend calls and asks you to prescribe a medication for her. You have this autonomy, but you don’t have your friend’s medical history. You write the prescription anyway.

Scenario 3:

You see another nurse practitioner writing a prescription for her husband who is not a patient of the nurse practitioner. The prescription is for a narcotic. You can’t decide whether or not to report the incident.

Scenario 4:

During your lunch break at the hospital, you read a journal article on pharmacoeconomics. You think of a couple of patients who have recently mentioned their financial difficulties. You wonder if some of the expensive drugs you have prescribed are sufficiently managing the patients’ health conditions and improving their quality of life.

To prepare:

  • – Review Chapter 1 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as      well as articles from the American Nurses Association, Anderson and      Townsend, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and Philipsend and Soeken.
  • – Select one of the four scenarios listed above.
  • – Consider the ethical and legal implications of the      scenario for all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist,      patient, and the patient’s family.
  • – Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced      practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible      decision-making in this scenario.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post an explanation of the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. Describe two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario.

– This work should have Introduction and conclusion

– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)

– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings

**Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 1, “Issues for the      Practitioner in Drug Therapy” (pp. 3–14)
         This chapter introduces issues relating to drug therapy such as adverse      drug events and medication adherence. It also explores drug safety, the      practitioner’s role and responsibilities in prescribing, and prescription      writing.
  • Chapter 59, “The Economics      of Pharmacotherapeutics” (pp. 1009-1018)
         This chapter analyzes the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and      society and explores practice guideline compliance and current issues in      medical care.
  • Chapter 60, “Integrative Approaches to      Pharmacotherapy—A Look at Complex Cases” (pp. 1021-1036)
         This chapter examines issues in individual patient cases. It explores      concepts relating to evaluation, drug selection, patient education, and      alternative treatment options.

**Crigger, N., & Holcomb, L. (2008). Improving nurse practitioner practice through rational prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 4(2), 120–125.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article explores issues relating to prescription drugs, specifically the frequency in which drugs are prescribed to patients. It also examines factors to consider before beginning drug therapy plans with patients.

**Philipsen, N. C., & Soeken, D. (2011). Preparing to blow the whistle: A survival guide for nurses. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 7(9), 740–746.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines issues that nurses encounter when reporting errors in medical settings. It also outlines the role of ethics and the responsibility of nurses to notify all individuals who are impacted by a medical error.

**American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics-For-Nurses.html

This article outlines ethical standards in the nursing profession and identifies nine provisions of care that must be adhered to by all nurses.

**Anderson, P., & Townsend, T. (2010). Medication errors: Don’t let them happen to you. American Nurse Today, 5(3), 23–28. Retrieved from https://americannursetoday.com/medication-errors-dont-let-them-happen-to-you/

This article examines factors that lead to medication errors as well as consequences of these errors on patients and nurses. It also recommends methods for avoiding and eliminating medication errors.

**Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved from August 23, 2012, http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html

This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.

**Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

**Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). ISMP’s list of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/Tools/errorproneabbreviations.pdf

This website provides a list of prescription writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors.

**Byrne, W. (2011). U.S. nurse practitioner prescribing law: A state-by-state summary. Medscape Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/440315

**Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm

The advancement in technology has led to the introduction of methods for enhancing the health care.  E-health has been used to enhance the health care and addressing the mental disorders issue through the use of online therapy. This discussion will analyze the evaluation of the efficacy of using telehealth in the mental disorders. It will also look at the integration of the evidence based practices in the telehealth sector. The professional issues that might be encountered and the benefits of the delivery methods will also be summarized in this discussion.
Telehealth has been an effective method of addressing the mild, moderate and the severe mental health disorders. This is because, through the use of evidence based online therapy, many disorders such as depression and anxiety have been addressed through the use of online platform website which contain information on standard diagnosis and treatment.  It also reduces the patients’ and the providers’ costs and increases the system coverage areas (Gros et. al, 2013). The evidence based treatment practices can be integrated into the telehealth trend through the use of cognitive behavioral therapy and online therapy where the patients’ thoughts are changed through acts such as storytelling and helping them to live in independence.
From the interactive assignment, he population targeted are the youths aged between 18-35 years. Being a clinical psychologist, I will use telehealth to address the psychological disorders faced by the clients. It will be appropriate to use telehealth platforms such as telephone, texts and virtual clinics because the youth in the modern generation are well versed with the technological advancement. They will therefore fully corporate and follow activity schedules and lessons stated in the telehealth treatment plans.
Through the use of using e-health there are some legal, ethical and professional issues that can be encountered during the delivery of the services. The psychologists need to ensure that they meet the ethical and professional standards (Baker, 2011). Some of the ethical issues include informed consent whereby they need to obtain informed consent of the patient before delivering the treatment plan. There should also be confidentiality of the data and the information in tele-psychology. When it comes to the legal considerations, the psychologists should comply and be familiar with the relevant federal and state laws when delivering the services to the patients across the jurisdiction and international borders. The effective use of the technology in accordance to the ethics and law will be beneficial as it will minimize the risks (Harris, 2011).  E-therapy will also promote new and improved ways of delivering the healthcare services thus overcoming risks such as breach of patient privacy and wrong diagnosis.  

Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Each answer should be at least two paragraphs. Use examples and/or quotes from the textbook to support your answers. Type in the answers directly below each question.
1. How did the rise of fascism in Europe and militarism in Japan connect to the Great Depression and the First World War?
2. How were World War I and World War II truly world wars?  In addition to the places where fighting actually took place, think about other issues such as the wars’ economic implications, changes in social relations, and the wars’ effects on politics and society.
3. What were some of the key outcomes of World War II and how did they differ from the results of World War I?