Module Overview
The real value of a dollar in your hand today is much more than what you will earn after a year. Why is it so? It is the value of time.

Imagine you won a cash prize worth $50,000 and you can choose to receive your payment either now or two years later. Which option would you choose? 

Instinctively, you would not want to wait for two years when you can get the same amount now. By receiving the $50,000 now, you will be able to increase its future value (FV) by gaining interest over a period of time if you placed it in an interest-bearing bank account. If you choose to receive the cash prize two years later, the amount will be the same—$50,000.

So how do you calculate how much more the first option is worth as compared to the second option?

In this module, you will learn about the concepts of present value (PV), FV, and compound interest and how you can use these concepts as business valuation tools to make day-to-day investment decisions.

In business, time value of money is one of the most important concepts used to make various financial decisions. This concept becomes critical for you as a manager, especially, if you contemplate raising capital, expanding operations or product offerings, selling a portion or all of the business, or merging with other organizations. Understanding time value of money will help you assign value to all aspects of your business operations, and recognize the level of risk and the expected return.

Module Readings:
Complete the following readings early in the module:

Module 3 overview
From your course textbook, Managerial economics: Economic tools for today’s decision makers, read the following chapters:
 

Capital Budgeting and Risk

Assigned Reading:

From the Argosy University online library resources, read:     

Lawler, E. E., III, & Toole, E. (Eds.). America at work: Choices and challenges. Gordonsville, VA: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/lib/argosy/docDetail.action?docID=10150440
McGrath, R. G., & MacMillan, I. C. (2009). How to rethink your business during uncertainty. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(3), 25–30. (ProQuest Document ID: 224971863) http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/docview/224971863?accountid=34899

 
Assignment: Required Assignment 1—Organizational Assessment

 Instructions:
 
As a manager, you have to continually evaluate the organization and its strategy and consistently adapt the business model to ensure that the overall business plan is one step ahead of the competition.

In this assignment, you will get an opportunity to learn, from actual experiences, how an informed manager would assess the current overall health of an organization and make decisions regarding future opportunities and performance.

Tasks:
 
Select an industry relevant to your career. If you lack work experience, you can base your selection on real-life market situations or business areas that you may have knowledge about. You can also consult sources such as the Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Bloomberg Markets, the Economist, US News and World Report, and the Argosy University online library resources.

Research the growth opportunities in the industry, competitive strategies that were employed, typical customers, and other relevant information related to the industry. Specific opportunities will differ depending on the industry selected, but be sure to consider current economic events and news relating to the industry that may influence the future direction of your industry.
Within this industry, select a midrange-performing company that provides goods or services. Then, address the following:

Analyze why this company maintains the level of success it does from an economic and financial perspective. Develop at least two visual aids (e.g., charts, graphs, or tables) to support your argument.
Evaluate whether the company’s pricing and positioning decisions contribute to or hinder that success.

Evaluate whether the strategy currently used by your industry, as discussed in previous sections, appears to be sustainable over time.

Create a 4- to 5-page research paper. At the end your paper, include a reference page and cite scholarly sources in APA style.  
Turned-in on time, Grading criteria followed All assignment qualifications addressed correctly, Grading Criteria followed, Include Question followed by the answer  Reference Page Included Cover page Included, Paragraphs  Indented,  Running-head included, main heading should be centered; all  new  paragraphs should be indented;  paper should be right ragged,   not right justified; references,  should always go on a standalone  page. abstracts are not usually indented; acronyms should be spelled out when using them  for  the first time, for example HR. references as listed are APA  standard.   When you  submit your papers through turnitin.com, your overall  similarity  index  score should not be exceedingly high, with   ten to  fifteen percent  being  the maximum,  Please make sure your APA  formatting of citations. I have provided the  APA resource cite for you. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01, Please work on using literature within the span of the last 5 years,  keep in mind there should not be any one, two, or three sentence  paragraphs 
Your response should be thorough and address all components of the discussion question in detail, include citations of all sources, where needed, according to the APA Style, and demonstrate accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation

Submission Details:

By Monday October 29,2018, save your paper and submit your document to the Submissions Area.

This assignment is worth 200 points.
 
Assignment: Required Assignment 1—Organizational Assessment Grading Criteria & Maximum Points

The assignment showed in-depth research into the growth opportunities in the industry, competitive strategies that were employed, typical customers, and other relevant information related to the industry. 16pts.

Selected a midrange-performing company that provides goods or services within the industry. 16pts.

Analyzed why this company maintains the level of success it does from an economic and financial perspective, and developed two visual aids to support your argument. 68pts.

Evaluated whether the company’s pricing and positioning decisions contribute to or hinder that success. 60pts.

Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 40pts.

Respond on two different days who selected different treatments and factors than you, in the following ways:

Offer alternative common treatments for the disorders.

Share insight on how the factor you selected impacts the treatment of alterations of digestive function.

                                                        Main Post

Many patients will present with disease processes that have the same or similar symptoms, and it will be the responsibility of the practitioner to diagnose and provide treatment accurately. The gastrointestinal tract is one area where misdiagnoses occur due to the common signs and symptoms. Inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome are two common misdiagnosed disorders that will be explored, the pathophysiology explained, proper treatment, and the effects gender has on these diseases.

Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome 

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises three key disorders; Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and microscopic colitis all attributed to an inflammation process but each affects the body differently. Research by El-Salhy and Hausken (2016) explains that the inflammation in Crohn’s disease is transmural in nature and occurs in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, while the inflammation in ulcerative colitis is more superficial and affects the rectocolonic mucosa, and the inflammation in microscopic manifests as mucosal and submucosal infiltration of immune cells without ulcerations or crypt abscesses and occurs in the colon.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease, although the pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Combination of low-grade mucosal inflammation with visceral hypersensitivity and impaired bowel motility could be the underlying etiology for IBS pathogenesis (Chong et al., 2019). Alterations in the gut microbiota and dietary choices play a central role in disease development. According to O’Malley (2019), IBS is complex multifactorial pathophysiology, that involves dysfunction of the bi-directional signaling axis between the brain and the gut, this axis incorporates efferent and afferent branches of the autonomic nervous system, circulating endocrine hormones and immune factors, local paracrine and neurocrine factors and microbial metabolites. 

Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Treatment for IBS and IBD focuses on treating not only the symptoms but the underlying cause of the disease. Treatment for IBS includes; dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, non-absorbable antibiotics, mixed μ-opioid receptor agonist–δ-opioid receptor antagonist and κ-opioid receptor agonist, Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).  Treatment for IBD is more complex due to IBD being composed of three different diseases, each requires different treatment plans, but there is some crossover. Corticosteroids, probiotics, immunomodulatory drugs, immunosuppressants, antitumor necrosis factor therapy, anti-interleukin 12/23 antibody drugs, janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, SMAD 7 inhibitor, and FMT are treatments available for IBD. 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are the first-line therapy for induction and maintenance of remission in patients with UC (Su et al., 2019). Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy works well on both UC and CD, JAK inhibitor works for UC and not CD, SMAD 7 inhibitor works for CD but not UC.

Gender’s Affect on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Research conducted by Kosako, Akiho, Miwa, Kanazawa, and Fukudo (2018) acknowledges that the higher prevalence of IBS in women compared with men may be associated with sex hormone fluctuations, which reportedly affect IBS symptoms, with symptoms appearing stronger before menstruation. Women may also receive a delay in treatment to both IBD and IBS due to the perceived perception of pain being misdiagnosed by the primary care practitioner. 

Conclusion

The gastrointestinal tract has many disorders where the signs and symptoms are the same. It is imperative that the practitioner distinguishes between diseases as the therapies can become complicated. The practitioner must do a comprehensive physical exam, as well as a health history with the patient to determine the path towards diagnosis. Laboratory data and imaging can also play a key role in determining the proper treatment plan and diagnosis. Unsuccessful medical treatment will warrant more invasive procedures in an attempt to visualize the underlying issue.

                                                                                                                                 References

Chong, P. P., Chin, V. K., Looi, C. Y., Wong, W. F., Madhavan, P., & Yong, V. C. (2019). The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome–A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1136.. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01136

El-Salhy, M., & Hausken, T. (2016). The role of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Neuropeptides, 55, 137–144. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.npep.2015.09.005

Kosako, M., Akiho, H., Miwa, H., Kanazawa, M., & Fukudo, S. (2018). Impact of symptoms by gender and age in Japanese subjects with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): A large population-based internet survey. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 12(1). https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1186/s13030-018-0131-2

O’Malley, D. (2019). Endocrine regulation of gut function – a role for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Experimental Physiology, 104(1), 3–10. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1113/EP087443

Su, H.-J., Chiu, Y.-T., Chiu, C.-T., Lin, Y.-C., Wang, C.-Y., Hsieh, J.-Y., & Wei, S.-C. (2019). Inflammatory bowel disease and its treatment in 2018: Global and Taiwanese status updates. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 118(7), 1083–1092. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2018.07.005Many patients will present with disease processes that have the same or similar symptoms, and it will be the responsibility of the practitioner to diagnose and provide treatment accurately. The gastrointestinal tract is one area where misdiagnoses occur due to the common signs and symptoms. Inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome are two common misdiagnosed disorders that will be explored, the pathophysiology explained, proper treatment, and the effects gender has on these diseases.

Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome 

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises three key disorders; Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and microscopic colitis all attributed to an inflammation process but each affects the body differently. Research by El-Salhy and Hausken (2016) explains that the inflammation in Crohn’s disease is transmural in nature and occurs in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, while the inflammation in ulcerative colitis is more superficial and affects the rectocolonic mucosa, and the inflammation in microscopic manifests as mucosal and submucosal infiltration of immune cells without ulcerations or crypt abscesses and occurs in the colon.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease, although the pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Combination of low-grade mucosal inflammation with visceral hypersensitivity and impaired bowel motility could be the underlying etiology for IBS pathogenesis (Chong et al., 2019). Alterations in the gut microbiota and dietary choices play a central role in disease development. According to O’Malley (2019), IBS is complex multifactorial pathophysiology, that involves dysfunction of the bi-directional signaling axis between the brain and the gut, this axis incorporates efferent and afferent branches of the autonomic nervous system, circulating endocrine hormones and immune factors, local paracrine and neurocrine factors and microbial metabolites. 

Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Treatment for IBS and IBD focuses on treating not only the symptoms but the underlying cause of the disease. Treatment for IBS includes; dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, non-absorbable antibiotics, mixed μ-opioid receptor agonist–δ-opioid receptor antagonist and κ-opioid receptor agonist, Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).  Treatment for IBD is more complex due to IBD being composed of three different diseases, each requires different treatment plans, but there is some crossover. Corticosteroids, probiotics, immunomodulatory drugs, immunosuppressants, antitumor necrosis factor therapy, anti-interleukin 12/23 antibody drugs, janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, SMAD 7 inhibitor, and FMT are treatments available for IBD. 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are the first-line therapy for induction and maintenance of remission in patients with UC (Su et al., 2019). Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy works well on both UC and CD, JAK inhibitor works for UC and not CD, SMAD 7 inhibitor works for CD but not UC.

Gender’s Affect on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Research conducted by Kosako, Akiho, Miwa, Kanazawa, and Fukudo (2018) acknowledges that the higher prevalence of IBS in women compared with men may be associated with sex hormone fluctuations, which reportedly affect IBS symptoms, with symptoms appearing stronger before menstruation. Women may also receive a delay in treatment to both IBD and IBS due to the perceived perception of pain being misdiagnosed by the primary care practitioner. 

Conclusion

The gastrointestinal tract has many disorders where the signs and symptoms are the same. It is imperative that the practitioner distinguishes between diseases as the therapies can become complicated. The practitioner must do a comprehensive physical exam, as well as a health history with the patient to determine the path towards diagnosis. Laboratory data and imaging can also play a key role in determining the proper treatment plan and diagnosis. Unsuccessful medical treatment will warrant more invasive procedures in an attempt to visualize the underlying issue.

1. A 25-year-old Asian American man arrives at the emergency department in a panic. Except for a bout with bronchitis a week earlier, he has been healthy his entire life; today he has blood in his urine. What is the most likely cause of his hematuria and how should it be treated? (Points : 0.4)       His Goodpasture syndrome should be treated with plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy.       His membranous glomerulonephritis should be treated with corticosteroids.       His immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy has no known effective treatments.       His Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome should be treated with control of high blood pressure and smoking cessation.

Assignment:
 
1) Using Google Scholar, find and read this article.
 
Harriger, J. A., Serier, K. N., Luedke, M., Robertson, S., & Bojorquez, A. (2018). Appearance-related themes in children’s animated movies released between 2004 and 2016: A content analysis. Body image, 26, 78-82.
 
 
2) Summarize the article, using correct APA citation. Make sure to include 2-3 sentences on how the authors used content analysis to code their data.
 
3) Using the Related Articles and Cited by options on the Google Scholar entry for the Harriger et al. (2018) that you just read, find one additional article that uses content analysis to code the features of children’s movies, TV, or other media. Provide an APA style reference for that article.
 
4) As of August 25, 2020, the Harriger et al. (2018) article had only been cited by 7 other authors. Give at least two possible explanations as to why more scientists had not cited this work (Clue: Look at the scientists who HAVE cited this article for a possible explanation).
 
 

 
 
Assignment:
 
 
1)
 
Using Google Scholar, find and read this article.
 
 
Harriger, J. A., Serier, K. N., Luedke, M., Robertson, S., & Bojorquez, A. (2018). Appearance

related
themes in children’s animated movies release
d between 2004 and 2016: A content analysis. Body image,
26, 78

82.
 
 
 
2) Summarize the article, using correct APA citation. Make sure to include 2

3
 
sentences on how the
authors used content analysis to code their data.
 
 
3) Using the Related Articles and Cited by options on the Google Scholar entry for the Harriger et al.
(2018) that you just read, find one additional article that uses content analys
is to code the features of
children’s movies, TV, or other media. Provide an APA style reference for that article.
 
 
4) As of
August 25, 2020,
 
the
 
Harriger et al. (2018) article had only be
en
 
cited by 7 other authors. Give
at
 
least two possible explanations as to why more scientists
had not
 
cited this work (Clue: Look at the
scientists who HAVE cited this article for a possible explanation).
 
 
 
 
 
Assignment:
 
1) Using Google Scholar, find and read this article.
 
Harriger, J. A., Serier, K. N., Luedke, M., Robertson, S., & Bojorquez, A. (2018). Appearance-related
themes in children’s animated movies released between 2004 and 2016: A content analysis. Body image,
26, 78-82.
 
 
2) Summarize the article, using correct APA citation. Make sure to include 2-3 sentences on how the
authors used content analysis to code their data.
 
3) Using the Related Articles and Cited by options on the Google Scholar entry for the Harriger et al.
(2018) that you just read, find one additional article that uses content analysis to code the features of
children’s movies, TV, or other media. Provide an APA style reference for that article.
 
4) As of August 25, 2020, the Harriger et al. (2018) article had only been cited by 7 other authors. Give
at least two possible explanations as to why more scientists had not cited this work (Clue: Look at the
scientists who HAVE cited this article for a possible explanation).

Write 3–4 pages in which you describe the cognitive and psychosocial development stages and apply theories of child development to explain how play promotes healthy development. Required Resources The following resources are required to complete the assessment. CAPELLA RESOURCES Click the link provided to view the following resource: Children at Play – DVarchive Video Clips. Stages and Types of Play. Assessment Instructions Note: Learners needing academic accommodations for this activity should contact Disability Services. To prepare for this assessment, watch the Children at Play – DVarchive Video Clips linked in Resources under the Required Resources heading. Choose two clips from the list to use for this assessment. You will also want to refer to the Stages and Types of Play document, also linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading. For each video clip, complete the following: Based on your observations, determine both the stage and the type of play demonstrated. Describe the cognitive development stages of the children. Describe the psychosocial development stages of the children. Apply one or more theories of child development (Piaget, Erikson, Vygotsky, or other) to explain how the type of play demonstrated in the clip promotes successful development in the stage you identified. Additional Requirements Written communication: Your writing should be free of errors that detract from the overall message and is consistent with expectations for members of the psychological professions. APA formatting: Format resources and citations APA style. Resources: Minimum of 2 scholarly or professional resources. Note: Popular resources such as Wikipedia or About.com are not considered to be appropriate. Length: 3–4 typed, double-spaced pages not including title page and reference page.

Write a critique. In my own words give a brief summary of research. Explain why I agree or disagree with the researcher’s research methods. what alternative would I use/ propose and why? Do I agree with the researcher’s data collection and analysis method why or why not? Do I agree with that they support the findings? would I agree with the effectiveness of the study? Evaluate the report for effectiveness in presenting the author’s research. Suggest specific follow-on research that can build upon the findings in the report/dissertation.

Required Readings

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen, S. M. (Eds.). (2014a). Sessions: case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].
The Levy Family (pp. 15–16)

Knight, C. (2015). Trauma-informed social work practice: Practice considerations and challenges. Clinical Social Work Journal, 43(1), 25-37.

Thyer, B. A. (2013). Intervention with adults. In M. J. Holosko, C. N. Dulmus, & K. M. Sowers (Eds.), Social work practice with individuals and families: Evidence-informed assessments and interventions (pp. 147–176). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Elliott, D. E., Bjelajac, P., Fallot, R. D., Markoff, L. S., & Reed, B. G. (2005). Trauma‐informed or trauma‐denied: Principles and implementation of trauma‐informed services for women. Journal of Community Psychology, 33(4), 461-477.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013b). Levy family: Episode 3 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu
Accessible player –Downloads–Download Video w/CCDownload AudioDownload TranscriptCredit: Provided courtesy of the Laureate International Network of Universities.

Optional Resources

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 
Once you graduate and obtain your first job out of your Master of Social Work program, you may be asked to identify the gaps in services at your new agency. You may be asked to create a new group or help to identify a new evidence-based intervention that can be introduced to the clients. Understanding how to research the current literature, and then choose and evaluate an intervention, is an important component of being a successful social worker. For this course, you have researched new and interesting interventions that are currently being used with children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Further, you have explored the importance of connecting theory to practice.
For this Assignment, use will practice steps in Evidence-Based Practice. 1) You will think of a practice problem. 2) You then conduct a literature review on available research. 3) You will evaluate the evidence to determine which intervention to use. 4) You will consider client values and your clinical expertise. 5) You will think about what you hope the client gains from this intervention (i.e., decreased depression, increased quality of life, decreased PTSD symptoms) and consider how you might measure this change.
To prepare:

  • Choose a population of interest to you.
    • Children
    • Adolescents
    • Adults
    • Elderly/Aging
  • Choose a presenting problem (depression, family conflict, homelessness, etc.) related to the population of interest.
  • Conduct a literature review focused on the presenting problem within the population of interest.

By Day 7

Submit an 8- to 10-page scholarly paper supported with a minimum of six peer-reviewed articles as references. In the paper, you should:

  • Briefly describe the population and presenting problem you are focusing on for this assignment.
  • Provide a review of the articles you reviewed from this project and explain what you learned from conducting this research.
  • Briefly describe at least 2 evidence-based interventions currently used for your chosen population when addressing this particular problem. Provide supporting references when explaining the evidence behind the interventions.
  • Explain which of these interventions you might choose to use and why.
    • Consider client values and your clinical expertise and how those might affect your decision of which intervention to use.
  • Describe how you might apply the specific skills and techniques of the chosen intervention.
  • Briefly explain how you could measure the outcomes of this intervention.
  • Explain any cultural considerations that you need to take into account when working with this population or the particular presenting problem.
  • Discuss how the Code of Ethics applies when working with this particular presenting problem and population.
  • Explain how you would apply a trauma-informed lens when working with this population.

Support your Final Project with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.
The Final Project will be evaluated according to the Final Project Rubric, located below and in the Course Information area.

 

1. What part does external environmental analysis play in the development of value-adding support strategies? What part does strategy formulation play?

2. What are the basic building blocks of structure? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Written assignment: (2500 words, due in week 8)
The written assignment for this unit is based on students choosing a topic from the list of topics provided and undertake a literature search relevant to the chosen topic (10 refereed journal articles). Students will then provide a critical analysis of the chosen topic with the support of the literature reviewed including a discussion on how the knowledge gained will assist in advancing their
role in the work place.
Principles of nursing management of patients/clients with respiratory or cardiac medical-surgical conditions.
Principles of nursing management of patients/clients with medical-surgical conditions
relevant to cerebral/ neurological systems.
Principles of nursing management of patients/clients with medical-surgical conditions
relevant to haematological / vascular systems.
Gerontological/Aged care nursing – Principles of nursing management of older people
requiring aged care.
a. Rehabilitation Nursing: Principles and management of patients/clients requiring
rehabilitation
b. Community/Rural and Remote (Bush) nursing: Principles and management of clients in
community health care settings.
Mental Health Nursing principles (meeting the needs of people with altered mental health
status in hospital/institutional and community setting