No one is immune to the rising costs of health care. Consider the following news stories:

“In 2008, the average premium for a family plan purchased through an employer was $12,680, nearly the annual earnings of a full-time minimum wage job” (Halle & Seshamani, 2009, Introduction, para. 1).

“President Obama’s health care law is putting new strains on some of the nation’s most hard-pressed hospitals, by cutting aid they use to pay for emergency care for illegal immigrants, which they have long been required to provide” (Bernstein, 2012, para. 1).

“Doctors in America are harboring an embarrassing secret: Many of them are going broke. This quiet reality, which is spreading nationwide, is claiming a wide range of casualties, including family physicians, cardiologists and oncologists…Doctors list shrinking insurance reimbursements, changing regulations, rising business and drug costs among the factors preventing them from keeping their practices afloat” (Kavilanz, 2012, para. 1, 2, 5).

In this Discussion, you examine the overall state of health care costs in America, the different factors impacting the finances of health care organizations, and the effect of rising costs on all stakeholders.

To prepare:

Review the Learning Resources on the level of health care spending in the United States.

Consider the ramifications of continuing at this level of spending as well as issues involved with reducing spending.

Reflect on which stakeholders (payers, providers, and the general population) should be responsible for making decisions on health care spending.

I need to Post an assessment of the consequences (on payers, providers, and the general population) of continuing current levels of health care spending in the United States as well as the potential consequences of reducing the level of spending. Explain which stakeholders should make health care spending decisions and why.

And 

Read a selection of my colleagues’ responses and Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden Library. (I will send the responses soon)

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional sources.

Required Readings

Baker, J., & Baker, R. W. (2014). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 1, “Introduction to Health Care Finance” (pp. 3–10)

In this chapter, you are introduced to the four key elements of financial management as well as the two types of accounting. These help set the stage for the weeks to come.

Chapter 4, “Revenues (Inflow)” (pp. 31–40)

This chapter focuses on how health organizations receive revenue for services and highlights the different sources of revenue.

 McClellan, M. (2011). Reforming payments to healthcare providers: The key to slowing health care cost growth while improving quality? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(2), 69–92.

Copyright 2011 by American Economic Association. Reprinted by permission of American Economic Association via the Copyright Clearance Center.

This article discusses the need for cost control in health care costs, as well as the impact for patients, providers, and physicians. The author highlights provider payment reforms that may be key to promoting quality and cutting costs.

 Kaplan, R. S., Witkowski, M., Abbott, M., Barboza Guzman, A., Higgins, L. D., Meara, J. G., & … Feeley, T. W. (2014). Using time-driven activity-based costing to identify value improvement opportunities in healthcare. Journal Of Healthcare Management, 59(6), 399–412. 

Copyright 2014 by Health Administration Press. Reprinted by permission of  Health Administration Press via the Copyright Clearance Center. 

This article discusses the importance of better outcomes and lower costs when delivering care to patients.

 Miller, H. (2011). Transitioning to accountable care: Incremental payment reforms to support higher quality, more affordable health care. Pittsburg, PA: Center for Health care Quality and Payment Reform. Retrieved from http://www.chqpr.org/downloads/TransitioningtoAccountableCare.pdf 

This report provides the myriad options for addressing the growing problem of the cost vs. the quality of health care. The paper presents “middle ground” possibilities as part of a payment reform. These include such approaches as “bundling,” “warranties,” and paying physicians based on an entire patient stay.

 Dickson, J. K., Bulley, S., & Oliver, D. (2014). Efficiency and perceptions of cost in healthcare. British Journal Of Healthcare Management, 20(5), 222–226.

 Nickitas, D. (2013). Health care spending: the cold, hard facts of cost, quality and care. Nursing Economics, 31(1).

This article discusses the high cost of health care in the United States and how this spending is adding to the federal budget deficit and impacting the finances of American families.

 Alliance for Health Reform. (2013). Cost of health care. In Covering health issues (6th ed.). Washington DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.allhealth.org/sourcebooktoc.asp?SBID=5

This chapter discusses the background behind the rising health care costs, the factors that increase costs, and the consequences of attempting to bluntly cut costs. The chapter suggests some solutions, such as increased cost sharing, changes in provider reimbursement, and investing in health information technology.

 Alliance for Health Reform. (2012). Medicare. In Covering health issues (6th ed.). Washington DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.allhealth.org/sourcebooktoc.asp?SBID=5

This chapter provides facts on Medicare and offers some background information on the issues surrounding this program. The chapter also discusses current legislation affecting Medicare and potential results on patients, providers, and physicians.

 Alliance for Health Reform. (2012). Medicaid. In Covering health issues (6th ed.). Washington DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.allhealth.org/sourcebooktoc.asp?SBID=5

In addition to providing facts and background information on Medicaid, this chapter discusses many facets of the system, including the spending and “dual eligibles” component. The chapter also includes a discussion of how recent legislation has changed the program.

Required Media

 Laureate Education (Producer). (2015). Introduction to NURS 6211. Baltimore, MD: Author. 

Review the four recommendations in the IOM report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Healthand find your state’s action coalition. Discuss your state’s action coalition’s work as it aligns with these four recommendations. Is each recommendation being addressed? Based on your analysis of the website, how would you describe your state’s progress toward meeting the IOM recommendations?

task: Write an 300 word essay analyzing how an infographic accomplishes its purpose of presenting complex statistical, scientific, medical, procedural or logistical information in an easily digestible VISUAL format. All steps are highly unique to your specific project, therefore problem-solving and critical thinking skills are necessary.
Please view LinkedIn Learning: “Data Visualization: Best Practices” with Amy Balliett, (Links to an external site.) pagetutor.com/trillion (Links to an external site.) and The MegaPenny Project (Links to an external site.) before starting this assignment.

1. Search online for examples of infographics. Use Google to perform a web search for “infographics.”
2. Consider how the infographic accomplishes its goal of communicating complex statistical, scientific, medical, procedural or logistical information in an easily digestible VISUAL format..
3. Write a 300-word analysis essay, in Times New Roman font, 12-point type size, double-line spacing, and 1-inch margins:

1. First paragraph should be an introduction of what you plan to write about. Describe your chosen infographic. What is it, where do people see it, what does it consist of, and what is the goal of the message?
2. Second paragraph should describe what information the viewer can derive from the infographic and how you believe the infographic accomplishes its purpose. Explain how the infographic relates to you. For example, in a weather map, explain the significance of the visual symbols that appear in your part of the country. If you were a stock broker, explain when would you buy or sell, based on an infographic of the stock’s performance. If you were a doctor, explain how a diagram of the human body might help a patient understand a medical condition.
3. Third paragraph should summarize or “wrap up” the essay in a satisfying way. In other words, the three paragraphs should, “tell them what you’re going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you’ve told them.”
4. Include a digital image of your selected infographic, or include a URL to the location of the infographic on the web.

Preventative Care

What questions will you want to ask your patients at every visit in order to get the information needed to provide individualized preventive services?

• How does the age and gender of the patient impact your approach to delivering preventive services and providing health education?
• How does the patient’s developmental milestones impact their ability to make healthy changes and take charge of their health?
• What are some risk factors associated with health promotion?

please include 3 references in APA format