POLI 235: Midterm Exam (Fall 2020) Please Note: Academic Integrity and honesty: Any actual or possible signs of cheatings and academic dishonesty will be detected with an automatic “F” grade assigned, and reported to the Office of the Provost in accordance to the Ramapo College’s Academic Integrity Policy. Please respond to the following question to the best of your ability and understanding. Write out your answer (in Times New Roman, 12-font, and double-spaced). Cite properly your sources and include a reference page at the end of your midterm. Upload the midterm along with your first draft essay in one single file to Turnitin on Canvas no later than 9pm on Tuesday, November 10, 2020. Late submissions will not be accepted.
1. According to Table 4.1 in your Mingst textbook, there are four major psychological mechanisms used to process information and foreign policy decisions. Define each of these four mechanisms and explain how each affects decision-making. Be sure to properly cite your sources from the textbook, using MLA format.
a. On your Canvas page, there is a PBS Frontline Documentary: “Bush’s War.” Watch Part 1 of the documentary (if you haven’t done so already) and pay attention to at least two of the mechanisms from Table 4.1. Explain how they were illustrated in the George W. Bush administration’s decision-making process leading up to the Iraq war in 2003.
b. Additionally, find an example from current events that shows the working of any one of these psychological mechanisms. Be sure to properly cite from your current events sources (i.e., newspaper articles).
c. What is the significance of learning from these psychological mechanisms? What do they tell us about the problems or downsides of decision-making? What can be done to effectively mitigate these problems? Explain your thoughts.

Theory and EducationCOLLAPSE
Please review the McEwen and Wills (2014) chapter 21:  Theoretical Issues in Nursing Curricula and Nursing Instruction and complete the following steps for your initial discussion post:
Complete a library search for a peer-reviewed journal article that integrates nursing theory and nursing education.
Present the article and discuss the nursing theory used, the benefits of nursing theory in nursing education.
Discuss key considerations (curriculum design, and nursing curricula and regulatory bodies) for nurse educators in curriculum development
Be sure to supplement your discussion with personal and professional experiences.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
References:McEwen, M. & Wills, E. (2014). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (4th Ed.); Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

QUESTION

Nursing – Evidence Based Practiced – Transformation leadership

APA Format 1000+ words

Evidence based practice: Please use a minimum of 3 references (Research articles preferred or journals) (Can’t be textbook or websites)

How can you apply transformation leadership into nursing management and change the attitudes of the staff and encourage a more cohesive team atmosphere? 

What effects would this leadership style have on management and how will affect retention of the work force in a healthcare setting (Nursing Specific)?

How this style of management when providing transformational leadership usually applies in nursing?

Assessing and Treating Adult and Geriatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper

Week 3: Adult and Geriatric Antidepressant Therapy

The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that approximately 15.7 million adults in the United States have depression (NIMH, 2014), making depression one of the most common disorders you will treat in practice. Although this disorder is so prevalent, antidepressant therapy must be as unique as each individual you treat. There are dozens of antidepressant medications on the market, and you must be able to identify which medication or combinations of medications will result in the best outcomes for your clients.
This week, as you study antidepressant therapies, you examine the assessment and treatment of clients with mood disorders. You also explore ethical and legal implications of these therapies.

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Discussion: The Impact of Ethnicity on Antidepressant Therapy

Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent disorders you will see in clinical practice. Treatment for this disorder, however, can vary greatly depending on client factors, such as ethnicity and culture. As a psychiatric mental health professional, you must understand the influence of these factors to select appropriate psychopharmacologic interventions. For this Discussion, consider how you might assess and treat the individuals in the case studies based on the provided client factors, including ethnicity and culture.

Learning Objectives

Students will:
  • Assess client factors and history to develop personalized plans of antidepressant therapy for adult and geriatric clients
  • Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in adult and geriatric clients requiring antidepressant therapy
  • Analyze the impact of ethnicity on antidepressant therapy
  • Evaluate efficacy of treatment plans
  • Apply knowledge of providing care to adult and geriatric clients presenting for antidepressant therapy

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using this link. This link will take you to a log-in page for the Walden Library. Once you log into the library, the Stahl website will appear.

Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
Note: To access the following chapters, click on the Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter.

  • Chapter 7, “Antidepressants”

Stahl, S. M. (2014b). The prescriber’s guide (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
Note: To access the following medications, click on the The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate medication.
 
Review the following medications:

  • amitriptyline
  • bupropion
  • citalopram
  • clomipramine
  • desipramine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • doxepin
  • duloxetine
  • escitalopram
  • fluoxetine
  • fluvoxamine
  • imipramine
  • ketamine
  • mirtazapine
  • nortriptyline
  • paroxetine
  • selegiline
  • sertraline
  • trazodone
  • venlafaxine
  • vilazodone
  • vortioxetine

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Howland, R. H. (2008a). Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D). Part 1: Study design. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 46(9), 21–24. doi:10.3928/02793695-20080901-06
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Howland, R. H. (2008a). Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D). Part 2: Study outcomes. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 46(19), 21–24. doi:10.3928/02793695-20081001-05
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Yasuda, S.U., Zhang, L. & Huang, S.-M. (2008). The role of ethnicity in variability in response to drugs: Focus on clinical pharmacology studies. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 84(3), 417–423. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20170809004704/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ScienceResearch/…/UCM085502.pdf

To prepare for this Discussion:

Note: By Day 1 of this week, your Instructor will have assigned you to one of the following case studies to review for this Discussion. To access the following case studies, click on the Case Studies tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate volume and case number.

Case 1: Volume 1, Case #1: The man whose antidepressants stopped working
Case 2: Volume 1, Case #7: The case of physician do not heal thyself
Case 3: Volume 1, Case #29: The depressed man who thought he was out of options

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide.
  • Go to the Stahl Online website and examine the case study you were assigned.
  • Take the pretest for the case study.
  • Review the patient intake documentation, psychiatric history, patient file, medication history, etc. As you progress through each section, formulate a list of questions that you might ask the patient if he or she were in your office.
  • Based on the patient’s case history, consider other people in his or her life that you would need to speak to or get feedback from (i.e., family members, teachers, nursing home aides, etc.).
  • Consider whether any additional physical exams or diagnostic testing may be necessary for the patient.
  • Develop a differential diagnoses for the patient. Refer to the DSM-5 in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance.
  • Review the patient’s past and current medications. Refer to Stahl’s Prescriber’s Guide and consider medications you might select for this patient.
  • Review the posttest for the case study.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!

By Day 3

Post a response to the following:

  • Provide the case number in the subject line of the Discussion thread.
  • List three questions you might ask the patient if he or she were in your office. Provide a rationale for why you might ask these questions.
  • Identify people in the patient’s life you would need to speak to or get feedback from to further assess the patient’s situation. Include specific questions you might ask these people and why.
  • Explain what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate for the patient and how the results would be used.
  • List three differential diagnoses for the patient. Identify the one that you think is most likely and explain why.
  • List two pharmacologic agents and their dosing that would be appropriate for the patient’s antidepressant therapy based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From a mechanism of action perspective, provide a rationale for why you might choose one agent over the other.
  • For the drug therapy you select, identify any contraindications to use or alterations in dosing that may need to be considered based on the client’s ethnicity. Discuss why the contraindication/alteration you identify exists. That is, what would be problematic with the use of this drug in individuals of other ethnicities?
  • If your assigned case includes “check points” (i.e., follow-up data at week 4, 8, 12, etc.), indicate any therapeutic changes that you might make based on the data provided.
  • Explain “lessons learned” from this case study, including how you might apply this case to your own practice when providing care to patients with similar clinical presentations

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Respond to at least two of your colleagues who were assigned to a different case than you. For example, if you were assigned to Case Study 1, respond to one colleague assigned to Case Study 2 and one colleague assigned to Case Study 3. Explain how you might apply knowledge gained from your colleagues’ case studies to you own practice in clinical settings.

  • If your colleagues’ posts influenced your understanding of these concepts, be sure to share how and why. Include additional insights you gained.
  • If you think your colleagues might have misunderstood these concepts, offer your alternative perspective and be sure to provide an explanation for them. Include resources to support your perspective.

Submission and Grading Information

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 3 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 6

To participate in this Discussion:
Week 3 Discussion

Assignment: Assessing and Treating Adult and Geriatric Clients With Mood Disorders

Advances in genetics and epigenetics have changed the traditional understanding of mood disorders, resulting in new evidence-based practices. In your role as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, it is essential for you to continually educate yourself on new findings and best practices in the field. For this Assignment, you consider best practices for assessing and treating adult and geriatric clients presenting with mood disorders.

Learning Objectives

Students will:
  • Assess client factors and history to develop personalized plans of antidepressant therapy for adult and geriatric clients
  • Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in adult and geriatric clients requiring antidepressant therapy
  • Evaluate efficacy of treatment plans
  • Analyze ethical and legal implications related to prescribing antidepressant therapy to adult and geriatric clients

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using this link. This link will take you to a log-in page for the Walden Library. Once you log into the library, the Stahl website will appear.

Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
Note: To access the following chapters, click on the Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter.

  • Chapter 6, “Mood Disorders”

Stahl, S. M. (2014b). The prescriber’s guide (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
Note: To access the following medications, click on the The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate medication.
 
Review the following medications:

  • amitriptyline
  • bupropion
  • citalopram
  • clomipramine
  • desipramine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • doxepin
  • duloxetine
  • escitalopram
  • fluoxetine
  • fluvoxamine
  • imipramine
  • ketamine
  • mirtazapine
  • nortriptyline
  • paroxetine
  • selegiline
  • sertraline
  • trazodone
  • venlafaxine
  • vilazodone
  • vortioxetine

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

Montgomery, S. A., & Asberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 382-389. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marie_Asberg/publication/22697065_A_New_Depression_Scale_Designed_to_be_Sensitive_to_Change/links/09e41513f85c708fee000000.pdf

Required Media

Laureate Education. (2016g). Case study: An elderly Hispanic man with major depressive disorder [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
 
Note: This case study will serve as the foundation for this week’s Assignment.

To prepare for this Assignment:

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider how to assess and treat adult and geriatric clients requiring antidepressant therapy.

The Assignment
Examine Case Study: An Elderly Hispanic Man With Major Depressive Disorder. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

  • At each decision point stop to complete the following:
    • Decision #1
      • Which decision did you select?
      • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
      • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
      • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
    • Decision #2
      • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
      • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
      • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
    • Decision #3
      • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
      • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
      • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
  • Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.

Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of three academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement.

By Day 7

Submit your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK3Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
  • Click the Week 3 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
  • Click the Week 3 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
  • Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK3Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
  • If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
  • Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 3 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:
Submit your Week 3 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 7

To submit your Assignment:
Week 3 Assignment

Making Connections

Now that you have:

  • Assessed adult and geriatric clients presenting with mood disorders
  • Developed personalized plans of antidepressant therapy for adult and geriatric clients
  • Examined factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in adult and geriatric clients requiring antidepressant therapy
  • Explored ethical and legal implications of prescribing antidepressant therapy to adult and geriatric clients

Next week, you will build on your assessment and treatment skills as you examine clients presenting for bipolar therapy.
Assessing and Treating Adult and Geriatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper

Nursing Journal Assignment
Purpose:
Scholarly writing is part of becoming a professional and obtaining your advanced degree. The goal is to express your speech, thoughts, actions, and written communication in a professional manner. Throughout your MSN program studies, you will produce papers in APA format, a standardized style authored by the American Psychological Association. This Journal Assignment will provide you with an opportunity to write in APA style and get feedback from your instructor.
Directions:
Briefly describe the historical development of one the four advanced practice roles. From an historical perspective, identify the forces that have influenced the development of each of these roles. From your perspective, which of these forces do you view as having the most significant impact and why?
Journal Requirements:
As this Assignment is a Journal entry and not a formal paper, it may at times be difficult to follow the organization, style, and formatting of the APA 6th Edition Manual. Despite this, your Journal Assignment should:

  • be no more than 1–2 paragraphs (less than 1 page) in length
  • clearly establish and maintain the viewpoint and purpose of the Assignment;
  • follow the conventions of Standard American English(correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
  • be well ordered, logical,and unified, as well as original and insightful; and
  • display superior content, organization, style,and mechanics.

References may be included and if references are used, the references should be prepared in APA format.

225.1
What is Environmental Science?
Environmental science studies the complex interactions between humans and the world around them. These interactions involve many fields of science including physics, biology, chemistry, geology, and more. Because of the human investment in environmental science, researchers must also be aware of the social, economic, and ethical conflicts involved. Think about the environmental issues that affect your local community. Are there problems associated with getting clean water? How does your community deal with waste disposal, water treatment, and the generation of power? How has development of your local area changed over time? Do you think this has had any influence on the organisms that live in your local area?
Answer the following throughout the week:
· Describe one or two issues that you believe are related to environmental science. They may be things that are happening in your own home or community, or something affecting the country.
· Do some research to find some specific facts concerning this issue and provide a brief summary of your findings. Be sure to consult reliable sources of information like www.sciencedaily.com.
· What aspects of your everyday life do you think can be improved through a better understanding of environmental science?
· What things do you not understand that you hope this course will be able to clarify?
Your Discussion Board posts should be original, well thought-out, and respectful. Main posts should fully and completely discuss each question posed and make frequent, informed references to this unit’s material. Engage in ongoing, productive conversation by responding to a minimum of two classmates per topic. Responses to classmates should be at least 50 words. Remember, you will learn more by sharing ideas!
Please note: Borrowed material (quotes, summaries, or paraphrases) should make up no more than 10% of the total word count for all written assignments in this course, including Discussion. All writing must be in your own words and borrowed material must be properly cited and referenced.

Discussion 1 (200 words):
The Urban Land Institute at https://uli.org provides a multitude of resources on land use and real estate development. Visit the website and please bring back something that interest you and share it.
Discussion 2 (200 words):
Please read the following two short articles on transactional funding for real estate deals. Please bring back something that you learned or found interesting about transactional funding. Please also share whether or not you have utilized transactional funding or would use it in the future.
Why Every Wholesaler Needs Transactional Funding In Their Toolbox
https://www.biggerpockets.com/forums/93/topics/414424-why-every-wholesaler-needs-transactional-funding-in-their-toolbox
How Transactional Funding Works
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/transactional-funding-works-10204.html
Psychology homework help
Your recommendation in the policy brief you presented, in Topic 5, has been accepted by the committee, taken through the legislative process, and is now ready for implementation. Create an action plan for implementation. Once you have your ideas outlined you will prepare an implementation presentation for the legislator to communicate to all stakeholders. Your 10 slide presentation should include:
Any stakeholders (any individual or group that would be impacted by the policy)
Required resources and who provides them (what is needed to implement the policy)
Challenges that might be encountered
Time Frame (time frame should be reasonable)
Evaluation processes ( how will you ensure the policy is effective)
Summarize how agencies, personnel, and public involved in the implementation of the policy will be impacted. Include a description of the considerations needed for seamless implementation of the policy for all stakeholders.
Use three to five scholarly resources to support your explanations.
Include speaker notes below each content-related slide that represent what would be said if giving the presentation in person. Expand upon the information included in the slide and do not simply restate it. Please ensure the speaker notes include 50-75 words per slide.
POSITION PAPER
TOPIC: THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION WAS/WAS NOT A DOCUMENT PROMOTING JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS.
 
Students must write a position paper focusing on a controversial and/or important topic related to U.S. history to the Civil War.   The paper should be between 3-5 pages (double-spaced; 12-font) and should include the following:
1)      A clear statement of your position on the chosen topic.
Example:   “I believe that stem research is wrong….”
2)      At least four strong logical arguments/facts supporting your position.
Example:  “…I based my position on four factors.  The first is that ….   The second is that….
3)      Identification and notation of at least three sources in the narrative of your paper.
Example:  “In her important work, the Isis Papers, Frances Cress Welsing contended that…
4)      Clear references (either endnotes or contextual citations) for all information or data that is not considered public knowledge.
Example:  “Baba Zak A. Kondo argues convincingly that the American educational system is designed to miseducate rather than educate Black students  (The Black Student’s Guide to Positive Education [1987], pg. 4).”
5)      A clear and concise introduction and conclusion.
Example [Introduction]:    “In the past few decades, we have witnessed a growing interest in the efforts of Nat Turner and other revolutionaries to use force to end slavery in the U.S.  The tactics of these revolutionaries have fostered a debate on the use of force as an instrument for social change.  I contend that force was needed to end slavery in the U.S. and that violence played an important role in ending slavery prior to the Civil War…”
6)      Logical and reasonable arguments and discussion.
Notes:  Organize your arguments from strongest to weakest; cite examples that support your points and
demonstrate depth in your reasoning.
7)      Utilization of at least six sources.  (3 must be books and/or articles; the others can be
electronic sources.
Notes:   The position paper is a much a research project as it is a personal view.  You must utilize the research of others to support and augment your position.  There are no exceptions to the rule.
8)  Listings of complete citations of all book, articles and other sources consulted.
Notes:  List your sources at the end of your paper in either an established format (Turabian, APA…) or in a format that you develop.  Be sure to include all vital reference information so that your reader can easily locate
the listed source.
The Position Paper will be evaluated based on the following:  (1) grammar;  (2) organization;   (3) content of
the presentation and the extent to which you followed instructions and guidelines outlined above.  Each of
these areas will be worth 33.3%.
The Position Paper cannot exceed 5 (five) pages!!!  No exceptions to this rule!
IT SHOULD NOT EXCEED FIVE PAGES EXCLUDING WORKS CITED AND NO PLAGIARISM
Philosophical Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Paradigms and Approaches
Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapter 1 in the Frost e-book, Qualitative Research Methods in Psychology, and the required journal articles for this week. Also review last week’s PSY635 Week Two Discussion Scenario (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. In that scenario, the three instructors realized there are limits to the insights they can gain through anonymous counting of discussion posts. The instructors would like to answer two additional research questions: (a) How do their students actually feel about the intervention? and (b) How do students view the influence of the intervention on their learning inside and outside of the classroom (if applicable)?
In your initial post, compare the characteristics of appropriate research designs and recommend a qualitative research design that would facilitate answering the instructors’ additional questions. Explain the philosophical paradigm underlying the recommended approach. Evaluate the required articles for this week and describe the  assumptions the instructors might have to set aside as they enter into a qualitative research study. Be sure to identify any ethical issues that may apply to the research. Review the characteristics of the quantitative approach you described in the Week Two discussion. Explain the ways in which the quantitative approach and paradigm differs from the qualitative approach and paradigm you have recommended here.