The Supreme Court and Judicial Review
If children do not understand the Constitution, they cannot understand how our government functions, or what their rights and responsibilities are as citizens of the United States.” – John Roberts
Although the Judiciary Act of 1789 established the legal concept of judicial review, it was the 1803 Supreme Court Case, Marbury v. Madison, which established the Supreme Court as the arbiter of whether the executive actions, congressional legislation, or lower court judicial decisions are constitutional.
In 1803, the Supreme Court heard the case, Marbury v. Madison. Chief Justice John Marshall, writing on behalf of a unanimous court, stated “it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” (Marbury v. Madison, 1803) In other words, the Supreme Court has the power to the final decider on what is constitutional or unconstitutional – be it congressional legislation, executive action, or judicial decisions. The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review is a salient component of this country’s ‘checks and balances’ system. Here is a full account of Marbury v. Madison from the U.S. Archives.
Today, the Supreme Court routinely hears cases that evaluate the constitutional authority of executive actions, congressional legislation, and lower court judicial decisions.
Directions: Using the required, academic readings, and supplemental academic research, please address the following while adhering to the Discussion Board Rubric:

  • Identify the constitutional powers of judicial branch.
    • How does the Supreme Court act as a check against executive authority?
    • How does the Supreme Court act as a check against legislative authority?
  • Select a specific Supreme Court case from one of the following fields:
  • Identify the historical circumstances of the Supreme Court case.
    • Speculate as to why the Supreme Court justices decided to hear this case.
  • Explain the Supreme Court’s decision.
    • Explain how this Supreme Court case discussed the U.S. Constitution and/or subsequent federal and state laws, and/or lower court judicial decisions.
    • How did this Supreme Court case affect the legislative, executive, and/or judicial branch?
  • Evaluate the resulting impact of the Supreme Court case on U.S. society.
    • Do you agree or disagree with the Supreme Court decision?
  • Evaluate the resulting impact of the Supreme Court case on you.
    • Why did this Supreme Court case interest you?
    • How did this case affect you and society?

Reference:
Marbury v. Madison (1803). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=19.

A 68-year-old client lives alone and is independent with all ADLs, has no restrictions for mobility, and is competent, and oriented x4. The client is on a fixed income, but has enough to manage a modest lifestyle. The client has family and social supports but is very independent and is proud of her self-reliance. The client’s height is 5’ 6”, weight is 210 lb. / 95.25 kg.

Please answer the following:

  • What is the client’s BMI?
  • Identify what screening tools you would use to assess nutritional and exercise knowledge, and why?
  • Identify two client outcomes that are reasonable, measurable and realistic
  • Identify 3 nursing interventions for each client outcome and give rationales
  • Identify what weakness in the client’s life and supports may be impacting the client’s activity and diet?
  • What referrals would you make and why?
  • Identify your references in APA format. Use references not just opinion.

Assignment Expectations:

Length: 1500 to 1750 words in length

Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA format.  These do not count towards the minimum word count for this assignment. Your essay must include an introduction and a conclusion.

References: Use appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of two (2) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.

Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper
• Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider how to assess and treat pediatric clients requiring antidepressant therapy.
The Assignment
Examine Case Study: An African American Child Suffering From Depression. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
SEE ATTACHED OF THE CASE STUDY DECISIONS MADE FOR POINTS # 1, 2 AND 3.
• At each decision point stop to complete the following:
o Decision #1
 Which decision did you select?
ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW
 Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
 What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
 Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
o Decision #2
 Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
 What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
 Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
o Decision #3
 Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
 What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
 Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
• Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.
Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of three academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement. Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper
Therapy for Pediatric Clients with Mood Disorders
An African American Child Suffering From Depression

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The client is an 8-year-old African American male who arrives at the ER with his mother. He is exhibiting signs of depression.

  • Client complained of feeling “sad”
  • Mother reports that teacher said child is withdrawn from peers in class
  • Mother notes decreased appetite and occasional periods of irritation
  • Client reached all developmental landmarks at appropriate ages
  • Physical exam unremarkable
  • Laboratory studies WNL
  • Child referred to psychiatry for evaluation
  • Client seen by Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner

 
MENTAL STATUS EXAM
Alert & oriented X 3, speech clear, coherent, goal directed, spontaneous. Self-reported mood is “sad”. Affect somewhat blunted, but child smiled appropriately at various points throughout the clinical interview. He denies visual or auditory hallucinations. No delusional or paranoid thought processes noted. Judgment and insight appear to be age-appropriate. He is not endorsing active suicidal ideation, but does admit that he often thinks about himself being dead and what it would be like to be dead.
The PMHNP administers the Children’s Depression Rating Scale, obtaining a score of 30 (indicating significant depression)
 
RESOURCES

  • Poznanski, E., & Mokros, H. (1996). Child Depression Rating Scale–Revised. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Therapy for Pediatric Clients with Mood Disorders
An African American Child Suffering From Depression

Decision Point One
Begin Zoloft 25 mg orally daily
RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

  • Client returns to clinic in four weeks
  • No change in depressive symptoms at all

Decision Point Two
Increase dose to 50 mg orally daily
RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO

  • Client returns to clinic in four weeks
  • Depressive symptoms decrease by 50%. Cleint tolerating well

Decision Point Three
Maintain current dose
Guidance to Student
At this point, sufficient symptom reduction has been achieved. This is considered a “response” to therapy. Can continue with current dose for additional 4 week to see if any further reductions in depressive symptoms are noted. An increase in dose may be warranted since this is not “full” remission- Discuss pros/cons of increasing drug dose with client at this time and empower the client to be part of the decision. There is no indication that the drug therapy should be changed to an SNRI at this point as the client is clearly responding to this therapy. Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
Decision Point One
 Select what the PMHNP should do:
Begin Zoloft 25mg orally daily
RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE

  • Client returns to clinic in four weeks
  • No change in depressive symptoms at all

Decision Point Two
Begin Zoloft 25 mg orally daily
Begin Paxil 10 mg orally daily
Begin Wellbutrin 75 mg orally BID
Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
 
Week 2: Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders
Mood disorders can impact every facet of a child’s life, making the most basic activities difficult for clients and their families. This was the case for 13-year-old Kara, who was struggling at home and at school. For more than 8 years, Kara suffered from temper tantrums, impulsiveness, inappropriate behavior, difficulty in judgment, and sleep issues. As a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner working with pediatric clients, you must be able to assess whether these symptoms are caused by psychological, social, or underlying growth and development issues. You must then be able recommend appropriate therapies.
Learning Resources
Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.
Required Readings
Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using this link. This link will take you to a log-in page for the Walden Library. Once you log into the library, the Stahl website will appear.
 
Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
Note: To access the following chapters, click on the Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter.

  • Chapter 6, “Mood Disorders”
  • Chapter 7, “Antidepressants”

Stahl, S. M. (2014b). The prescriber’s guide (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
Note: To access the following medications, click on the The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter.
 
Magellan Health, Inc. (2013). Appropriate use of psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents: A clinical monograph. Retrieved from http://www.magellanhealth.com/media/445492/magellan-psychotropicdrugs-0203141.pdf
 
Rao, U. (2013). Biomarkers in pediatric depression. Depression & Anxiety, 30(9), 787–791. doi:10.1002/da.22171
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.
Vitiello, B. (2012). Principles in using psychotropic medication in children and adolescents. In J. M. Rey (Ed.), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions. Retrieved from http://iacapap.org/wp-content/uploads/A.7-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY-072012.pdf
 
Poznanski, E., & Mokros, H. (1996). Child Depression Rating Scale–Revised. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
Required Media
Laureate Education (2016e). Case study: An African American child suffering from depression[Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
 
Note: This case study will serve as the foundation for this week’s Assignment.
Optional Resources
El Marroun, H., White, T., Verhulst, F., & Tiemeier, H. (2014). Maternal use of antidepressant or anxiolytic medication during pregnancy and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(10), 973–992. doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0558-3. Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
Gordon, M. S., & Melvin, G. A. (2014). Do antidepressants make children and adolescents suicidal? Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health, 50(11), 847–854. doi:10.1111/jpc.12655
Seedat, S. (2014). Controversies in the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents: A decade since the storm and where do we stand now? Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 26(2), iii–v. doi:10.2989/17280583.2014.938497. Therapy for Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders Essay Assignment Paper.
 

Question Description

1. Long-Term Care in the U.S.

Determine the average daily cost of nursing home care in your state. Discuss the funding options (public and private) that exist to pay for long-term care. What policy and financing recommendations would you make to ensure that long-term care is available for everyone who needs the services in the U.S.? Please justify your answer.

2. Rationing of Healthcare Services

Healthcare services can be rationed by governmental rationing or by allowing those who can afford the services to purchase the services. If you were the chairperson of a medical ethics committee faced with the decision concerning which of the following patients would receive a heart transplant, what decision would you make and what justification would you give to the families of each of the patients for making that decision?

  • Patient 1: A seventy-six-year-old nonsmoker with good pulmonary and renal function is a good candidate for a heart transplant, and his life expectancy without the transplant is one month. The patient has the resources to pay cash for the transplant procedure and follow-up care.
  • Patient 2: A forty-six-year-old unemployed auto worker with a history of alcohol use and smoking suffered a heart attack and will die within one month if he does not receive a heart transplant. The patient does not have health insurance, nor does he have the resources to pay for the procedure.

To support your work, use your course and text readings and also use outside sources. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.

Mobile devices are always in the workplace and being used for both personal and company business. You have been asked to create an informative poster to display throughout the office that highlights ways to secure mobile devices and safety precautions. This poster will be seen by the entire company in hopes of empowering employees to protect themselves and the company from mobile breaches.
Create a visual poster or infographic to display in the company’s break room.
Include the following information:

  • At least 2 mobile device threats
  • List of ideal mobile security settings to defend against threats
  • Brief instructions for setting up at least 2 security settings
  • An explanation on what happens when mobile devices are not secured from these threats
  • Appropriate images and graphics
  • 2 resources for more information on mobile security with appropriate citations

Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.

To reflect on an information governance issue, inspired by an observation made in practice or on reading around the topic. Maximum 2,000 words

Please also refer to the lecture of reflection and the accompanying PowerPoint slides. 

You can only reflect on your own practice and this must be something related to health information governance (or a parallel issue with relevance to health information governance). It could be an incident from the past, made critical by something we discuss during the taught week or by something you read about governance.

As this is a form of ‘guided reflection’, it is recommended that you use the following headings and prompts for your paper based on Gibbs Reflective Cycle:

Model for academic reflective writing

  1. Describe the situation/event

· Why was it important?

· How does it relate to IG?

  1. Feelings

What were your thoughts and feelings/what were the good and bad points of the situation/event?

· Did it impact on others, and how?

· How did you feel at the time?

· What was your role?

  1. The key issue

On the basis of 1 and 2, what is the main IG related issue emerging?

· Having identified the IG issue, it becomes possible to find suitable literature

  1. Analysis

Making sense of the situation – a) What does the literature say about the issue and the situation? b) What are the legal and ethical perspectives. c) What alternatives were there?

  1. Conclusion 

What have you learned a) about the issue, b) about yourself and c) about the best alternative way to manage the situation/event?

  1. Action Plan

What would you do if the situation arose again ? What do you need to do to further develop yourself/your skills/your knowledge/ your practice?

Consider the following scenario:
 
Mercy Hospital in rural Southwest Ohio has had problems with patient collections for many years. With increasing deductibles and co-pays, the problem is expected to worsen, and the staff at Mercy Hospital need to find a way to address accounts with balances due to avoid worsening the problem. Mercy is a small hospital system with a limited number of support staff and a small budget dedicated to billing and collections. They have some options for increasing recovery of overdue balances and avoiding further revenue cycle issues. They could hire additional staff who would work exclusively with coding, billing, and recovery, or they could outsource their revenue management to an outside entity.
 
What is the best option for Mercy Hospital? What kind of information is at play in making this decision? As a healthcare management professional, it is important to have an understanding of the different components of the revenue cycle and how those components are interrelated. A properly managed revenue cycle can make or break a healthcare organization, so decisions surrounding it are often of great importance.
 
This week, you will examine the components of the revenue cycle and the different departments that play a part in each. You will also analyze a case study dealing with upcoding, payment error prevention, and the implications of fraud and abuse.
 
 
Assignment: Coding Accuracy Case Study
 
The importance of accuracy in medical coding cannot be overstated. Proper coding leads to proper payment. Unfortunately, some providers and organizations attempt to manipulate revenue by coding for more services at a higher level of complexity in order to get larger reimbursements from insurance companies. This practice is known as “upcoding.” The Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA) does monitor for upcoding, but its processes are not adequate, and many upcoded claims for diagnosis-related groups (DRG) are overlooked.
In this Assignment, you consider a case study about the HCFA’s monitoring of upcoding and develop an action plan for improving the monitoring process. You also discuss the elements that should be included in a payment error prevention program and the implications of fraud and abuse in healthcare.
 
To prepare for this Assignment:
• Review this week’s Learning Resources.
• Read the document, “Case 9: Coding Accuracy,” located in this week’s Learning Resources.
• Reflect on how DRG upcoding was detected through electronic claims data.
 
The Assignment (2- to 3-page paper):
After reading the case study thoroughly, write a paper in which you respond to the following:
• Propose an action plan outlining what the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA) should do to monitor DRG upcoding.
• Recommend key elements to be included in a payment error prevention program.
• Explain the implications of fraud and abuse for this case. Then, discuss the broader implications of fraud and abuse. What are the consequences, and who is impacted?
Provide specific examples in your paper. Support your post with the Learning Resources and at least one current, outside scholarly article (less than 5 years old).
 
Required helpful websites:
 
https://www.canva.com/
 
https://spark.adobe.com/
 
https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-01-98-00420.pdf

 Some guidelines address the researchers’ obligations not just to do the research but to do a follow up on providing medical care to the participants after the research is completed. There is no clear guide to have ethical answers to what happens to the participants when the research is complete? Or what are the researchers if any obligation toward the participants that were enrolled as untreated in the specific group? Provide examples of vulnerable populations.  Some of the low-income countries and low institutional capacity for data are usually vulnerable to compromising the confidentiality, there is still no consensus of who has the responsibility to report back to the participants and their well-being after the trials. Thoughts about ethics in research?
Instructions:
Use an APA style and a minimum of 100 words. Provide support from scholarly sources. The scholarly source needs to be: 1) evidence-based, 2) scholarly in nature, 3) Sources should be no more than five years old (published within the last 5 year), and 4) an in-text citation. citations and references are included when information is summarized/synthesized and/or direct quotes are used, in which APA style standards apply.
• Textbooks are not considered scholarly sources. 
• Wikipedia, Wikis, .com website or blogs should not be used.

TOPIC: CURRENT TRENDS IN NURSING PRACTICE

Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models
Max Points:150
Details:
As the country focuses on the restructure of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and less will be available in acute care hospitals.
Write a speech of 500-700 words to educate nurses about how the practice of nursing is expected to grow and shift. Include the concepts of continuity or continuum of care, accountable care organizations (ACO), medical homes, and nurse-managed health clinics.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

Attachments:

This week you will begin working on creating a Business Plan for a new health care organization. The work that you do for your original discussion board post will help you with the framework of your upcoming written assignment.  However, what you post to the discussion board is just a framework.  When you write your written assignment, you will need to expand on these ideas.  To make the upcoming written assignment easier, I strongly suggest that you select a business that is easily explained and small in size.
For your original post, please provide the following information about your new health care business:

  1. Name and location
  2. Services offered, including an explanation of what makes your organization special or unique
  3. Number and types of key staff members.  Depending on your business, this might include, managers, medical assistants, psychologists, psychiatrists, physical therapists, etc.
  4. How many patients you plan to see in the first year — and — your anticipated revenue per patient visit.  This will require researching similar organizations. Be sure to provide your references.
  5. A list of annual operating expenses that you anticipate (type and $ amount).  Remember, in an operating budget you do not include the cost of purchasing furniture or major equipment.

Requirement:  One original post (200 word minimum).