Virtual Lab: The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Worksheet
1. In which phase of mitosis do each of the following occur:
a. Centromeres split and chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell
b. Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes
c. The nuclear membrane disappears
d. Sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell
2. In which phases of mitosis are sister chromatids visible, and attached to each other at the centromere?
Table 1: Record your data for the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle observed in normal tissues.
| Tissue Type |
# Cells in Interphase |
# Cells in Prophase |
# Cells in
Metaphase |
# Cells in Anaphase |
# Cells in
Telophase |
Lung Tissue
Sample 1 |
19 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Lung Tissue
Sample 2 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
Stomach Tissue
Sample 1 |
16 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
Stomach Tissue
Sample 2 |
18 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
Ovarian Tissue
Sample 1 |
18 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
Ovarian Tissue
Sample 2 |
19 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Table 2: Record your data for the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle observed in cancerous tissues.
| Tissue Type |
# Cells in Interphase |
# Cells in Prophase |
# Cells in
Metaphase |
# Cells in Anaphase |
# Cells in
Telophase |
Lung Tissue
Sample 1 |
16 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Lung Tissue
Sample 2 |
15 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
Stomach Tissue
Sample 1 |
13 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
Stomach Tissue
Sample 2 |
14 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
Ovarian Tissue
Sample 1 |
11 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
Ovarian Tissue
Sample 2 |
12 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Table 3: Use the data in Table 1 to calculate the Mitotic Index (average % cells dividing) for each normal tissue type.
| Tissue Type |
Avg. % cells at rest |
Mitotic Index |
| Lung – normal |
|
|
| Stomach – normal |
|
|
| Ovary – normal |
|
|
Table 4: Use the data in Table 2 to calculate the average % cells dividing and average % cells at rest in each cancerous tissue type.
| Tissue Type |
Avg. % cells at rest |
Mitotic Index |
| Lung – cancerous |
|
|
| Stomach – cancerous |
|
|
| Ovary – cancerous |
|
|
Questions:
3. What does your data indicate about the rate of cell division in cancerous tissue compared to the rate of cell division in normal tissue? What data did you use to answer this question?
4. Which type of cancer is the fastest growing? Explain your answer, using your relevant data.
5. With what you have observed in this lab, if you were to compare tissue sample from normal breast tissue and cancerous breast tissue:
a. Would you expect to see a difference in the rate of cell division in the cancerous breast tissue compared to the normal breast tissue? Explain your answer.
b. Could you make a prediction about the average % dividing cells in the cancerous breast tissue? Explain your answer.
6. Consider the % dividing cells in normal lung, normal stomach, and normal ovarian tissue. Why do you think there are more cells dividing in the stomach and ovary tissue than in the lung tissue?
7. This lab explores three common cancers. An additional form of cancer – Skin Cancer – used to be seen only in older individuals but is now seen in younger individuals, many in their early 20s. Skin cancer results from accumulated mutations to the DNA of skin cells, caused primarily by sun exposure. What factors do you think may be contributing to the increase in skin cancer among young adults?
Review:
1. Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells and cancer cells?
2. When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index, normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain.
3. Different types of normal tissues in the human body have different mitotic indices. From the following list, which normal tissues would you expect to have the highest mitotic index: muscle, skin, kidney, or lung? Explain your answer.
>Management homework help
UncategorizedPower Distance describes the relationship between leaders and followers in terms of dependence and interdependence. Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov (2010) define it as “the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally” (p. 61). In large power distance cultures, organizations tend to be more hierarchical with centralized planning. Leaders are deferred to for decision-making and are expected to be a benevolent autocrat. In contrast, small power distance countries have flatter organizations with decentralized planning. Leaders consult with subordinates in decision-making and are expected to be democratic. In the sense of French and Raven’s (1959) sources of power, large power distance cultures’ sources of power are referent (or charisma) and coercion. Small power distance cultures’ sources of power are expertise, legitimate (or formal position), and reward (Hofstede et al., 2010, p. 77-8) (Rohm, 2014, p. 1).
Evaluate and discuss the applicability of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
Nursing HomeworksPrior to engaging in this discussion, read Chapter 4: Cognition, Learning, and the Environment in your required e-book, review the article “Socially Situated Cognition in Perspective” and the Instructor Guidance, and view the video What Are Schemas? (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
Cognition incorporates numerous variables that are suggested to affect how we learn. For this discussion please address the following theories that support this suggestion:
Make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations
Nursing HomeworksDiscussion
Make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions Directions: 1. Select one of the following topics: A. Genetically modified food. Humans are now capable of manipulating the genetic codes of certain plants and animals in our own food chain. What are some of the foods in your supermarket that have been genetic altered? How have they been altered and why? What does sound science have to say about potential risks to the environment and human health, associated with GMOs (genetically modified organisms)? Be careful to search for the science in scientific journals rather than GMO industry’s own websites and reports! Based upon your research, do you think there is a clear answer as to how safe these foods might be to humans and the environment? Clearly explain your reasoning. Note that this should be a discussion of genetic alteration of organisms by laboratory methods (such as gene insertions, etc.) and not by selective breeding (breeding one animal or plant with another for desired traits).
Find 3 scholarly, scientific articles related to your topic and the questions described in 1. While you are definitely encouraged to use web sites, books, and other materials as resources to help you learn about your subject, note that the assignment is to find three published scholarly articles; This means articles in professional scientific journals. Encyclopedias, Q&A or “How-To” web sites may NOT be used as references in any collegiate research paper (you should also be critical of the information they supply as most of these sites are open-sourced – i.e., not verified). Assistance with evaluating web resources can be found at http://sites.umuc.edu/library/libhow/scholarlyjournals.cfm. For more on what constitutes “scholarly” see the UMUC library page on searching for scholarly articles at http://libguides.umuc.edu/science and my Guide to References and Citations under Course Resources > Profs Helpful Docs. Lastly, note that any resources I have given you in the above descriptions do not count toward the required three articles. 3. Write a paper of 1000-2000 words (not including your references), double spaced, in 12 point Times New Roman font. Note that I am happy to approve a larger word allowance if you feel you need it. Your paper’s format should be as follows: First, clearly summarize each of the three articles, making it very clear to me which is which. I strongly suggest you use headers or at least phrases like, “According to the article by so-andso”… so that I know when you are summarizing an article as directed. If I have to struggle to determine when and/or which article you are summaring you will lose points! Next, use what you’ve learned from your research to answer each of the questions asked in the topic description (any that have not already been answered in your article summaries). Be sure to give credit to your sources as you do this by using in-text citations, and strive to incorporate the concepts and principles of BIOL103 in your answers. Lastly, express your own ideas on your topic. For the best grade, you are strongly encouraged to use subject headers in your paper. Remember to limit your use of direct quotes when writing. Collegiate Writing Standards dictate that quotes should account for no more than 5% of the total text. If you do use quotes, you must include a specialized in-text citation including the page or paragraph number (Adams, 2014, para.12).
Accounting homework help
UncategorizedPlease discuss the following questions:
(1) How does the greenhouse effect play a role in determining the climate on Earth?
(2) What human activities are impacting the carbon cycle?
(3) How does having an overloaded carbon cycle impact the greenhouse effect?
(4) Before taking this class, did you understand or “believe” that human-induced climate change is occurring? Explain why or why not. Have you ever had a conversation with another about climate change?
(5) How would you engage in a discussion with a climate change skeptic? Would you explain the science behind climate change? What evidence would you present?
(6) Explain at least 3 impacts of climate change that should be a concern for any individual and future generations.
(7) Discuss at least two things that humans can do to mitigate or adapt to a changing climate.
(8) Why should businesses, politicians, or government officials have a vested interest in working to lower carbon emissions to lessen the severity of the impacts of a changing climate?
Finding “factors for” and “factors against” a position is a versatile tool for critical thinkers
Nursing Homeworks, Psychology Homework HelpUsing your readings, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research methods for creating arguments using factors for and factors against an issue.
Select a topic for use in this assignment. It is recommended that you choose a topic that is personally meaningful or interesting to you. Examples of topics can include, but are not limited to, the following:
For the selected topic, complete the following:
Include the following two parts in your completed assignment:
Part 1: Compile a matrix (using the template below) that lists and ranks six arguments for and six arguments against the issue you have selected. Rank the reasons for each side of the issue from strongest to weakest.
Part 2: After you have compiled your matrix, write a 500–700-word paper in Word format. This essay should explain and synthesize the information in your matrix. Defend why you have ranked each argument as either strong or weak. Apply APA standards to citation of sources
Criminal homework help
UncategorizedIt is 2018. Ben recently lost his job. The bank is about to foreclose on his house. He decides that the quickest way to get money is to rob a convenience store. He grabs his .40 Caliber Beretta sub-compact pistol and makes his way to the nearest convenience store.
Ben pulls into the parking lot and notices a woman talking on the phone. He walks up behind her and touches her hair (he thinks it is beautiful). The woman turns around, slaps him, and yells, ‘You creep! I am going to call the cops!’ to which Ben replies, ‘charge me with what? Hair touching?’
Ben then decides to make haste on the robbery idea. He enters the store and pulls his Beretta out. However, Ben is a ‘softee’ and would never kill anyone. He would never have the nerve to pull the trigger. He demands the money in the cash register from the clerk. The clerk begins gasping…he clutches his chest, falls to the ground, and instantly dies from a heart attack. Ben didn’t intend to kill anyone!
Ben then gets scared. He runs out of the store without the money. Ben forgot to holster the firearm; while running away from the store, he trips and falls to the ground. When he hands, his finger is pushed back on the trigger, from impact, and the gun fires a round. Ben looks towards the direction where the gun fired, and he sees Pogo the Clown holding his chest with blood soaking his costume. Pogo the Clown falls to the ground and dies.
Ben runs to his 1998 Geo Tracker and makes a speedy getaway. Ben thinks to himself, ‘Whew! I am glad I didn’t take the money or shoot anyone. I could have wound up in prison for a long time.’
1. Has Ben committed Felony Murder?
2. If charged with murder, would the circumstances warrant a charge reduction from murder to manslaughter?
3. Could Ben be charged with assault, or battery, for touching the woman’s hair? Explain.
4. Could Ben be charged with murder for Pogo the Clown’s death?
Essay: Your essay should be 2-3 pages and follow these guidelines:
* Double-spaced
* 12 -point Times New Roman or Arial font
* One-inch margins
* APA format (Title page, Citations, Reference page)
* Correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation
WHY ARE VACCINATIONS NECESSARY COMPONENTS OF THE HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS?
UncategorizedMary’s one year old daughter is due to be given the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine during her next visit to the doctor. Mary is upset and concerned because one of her friend’s sons became ill after a similar vaccination. She has also heard rumors that MMR vaccine causes rubella. Mary was also told that her daughter will need to be vaccinated before Mary returns to work. Mary is not alone. Many parents face this issue. Therefore, it is important for Mary and all such parents to make decisions that are best for their children, based on facts and not emotions. Place yourself in the role of a health care worker, submit to the discussion area your plan to validate the importance of vaccination by addressing the following questions:
Why are vaccinations necessary components of the healthcare programs?
Are there reasons for people not being vaccinated despite of such elaborate healthcare programs? Explain.
What are the consequences of people not being vaccinated?
What is the impact of religious, cultural, legal, and ethical issues that parents need to consider before vaccination?
What type of information will help the parents make an informed decision about vaccinating their children?
To support your work, use your course and textbook readings and also use the South University Online Library. As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.
Your initial posting should be addressed at 150-300 words. Submit your document to this Discussion Area by the due date assigned. Be sure to cite your sources using APA format.
Psychology homework help
UncategorizedPart 1: In 250-300 words, write a counseling note for the client’s file. In this note, describe any exceptions to the problem that you have identified and develop scaffolding questions to ask the client in your next session, one in their landscape of action and one in their landscape of identity.
Part 2: Put yourself in the client’s shoes and, as the client, write a reauthoring version of their story that is 500-750 words in length. It should incorporate the exceptions and responses to the scaffolding questions from Part 1. Use narrative language when applying this reauthoring technique.
Please use new assignment templets for APA 7th edition. In previous editions of the APA Style manual, the running head was a required piece of formatting in the page header. In the 7th edition of the manual, the running head is “required only for manuscripts being submitted for publication. For journal articles, do not include date in references. Please review APA reference examples for journal articles.
The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Nursing HomeworksVirtual Lab: The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Worksheet
1. In which phase of mitosis do each of the following occur:
a. Centromeres split and chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell
b. Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes
c. The nuclear membrane disappears
d. Sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell
2. In which phases of mitosis are sister chromatids visible, and attached to each other at the centromere?
Table 1: Record your data for the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle observed in normal tissues.
Metaphase
Telophase
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 1
Sample 2
Table 2: Record your data for the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle observed in cancerous tissues.
Metaphase
Telophase
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 1
Sample 2
Table 3: Use the data in Table 1 to calculate the Mitotic Index (average % cells dividing) for each normal tissue type.
Table 4: Use the data in Table 2 to calculate the average % cells dividing and average % cells at rest in each cancerous tissue type.
Questions:
3. What does your data indicate about the rate of cell division in cancerous tissue compared to the rate of cell division in normal tissue? What data did you use to answer this question?
4. Which type of cancer is the fastest growing? Explain your answer, using your relevant data.
5. With what you have observed in this lab, if you were to compare tissue sample from normal breast tissue and cancerous breast tissue:
a. Would you expect to see a difference in the rate of cell division in the cancerous breast tissue compared to the normal breast tissue? Explain your answer.
b. Could you make a prediction about the average % dividing cells in the cancerous breast tissue? Explain your answer.
6. Consider the % dividing cells in normal lung, normal stomach, and normal ovarian tissue. Why do you think there are more cells dividing in the stomach and ovary tissue than in the lung tissue?
7. This lab explores three common cancers. An additional form of cancer – Skin Cancer – used to be seen only in older individuals but is now seen in younger individuals, many in their early 20s. Skin cancer results from accumulated mutations to the DNA of skin cells, caused primarily by sun exposure. What factors do you think may be contributing to the increase in skin cancer among young adults?
Review:
1. Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells and cancer cells?
2. When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index, normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain.
3. Different types of normal tissues in the human body have different mitotic indices. From the following list, which normal tissues would you expect to have the highest mitotic index: muscle, skin, kidney, or lung? Explain your answer.
PROFESSIONAL ROLES AND VALUES
Nursing HomeworksThe purpose of this task is to develop a working knowledge of nursing theory, nursing ethics, and professional accountability and apply these concepts to your professional clinical practice. You will be required to think about real-life scenarios and how they relate to nursing codes in your professional practice.
Requirements:
Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. Use the Turnitin Originality Report available in Taskstream as a guide for this measure of originality.
You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.
A. Identify a nursing theory that has influenced your values and goals.
1. Explain how nurses apply the identified theory from part A to implement excellent nursing practices.
2. Discuss how the identified theory from part A fits your professional practice.
B. Identify the contributions of two historical nursing figures in the nineteenth or twentieth century.
1. Compare the differences in contributions of the two historical figures identified in part B.
2. Describe how the contributions of the two historical figures influence your professional nursing practice.
C. Explain the functional differences between the State Board of Nursing and the American Nurses Association (ANA).
1. Define the roles of these two organizations.
2. Explain how these two organizations influence your nursing practice.
3. Explain the requirements for professional license renewal in your state.
a. Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain license requirements in your state.
4. Compare the differences between registered nursing license requirements in a compact state versus a non-compact state.
D. Discuss the functional differences between the Food and Drug Administration and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (see the web links below).
1. Discuss how the two regulatory agencies influence your professional nursing practice.
a. Describe your role as a patient advocate in promoting safety when a patient has requested to use an alternative therapy.
E. Discuss the purposes of the Nurse Practice Act in your state and its impact on your professional practice.
1. Discuss the scope of practice for a RN in your state.
2. Discuss how your state defines delegation for the RN.
F. Apply each of the following roles to your professional practice:
• a scientist
• a detective
• a manager of the healing environment
G. Identify two provisions from the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics (see web link below).
1. Analyze how the two provisions identified in part G influence your professional nursing practice.
2. Describe a nursing error that may occur in a clinical practice (e.g., clinical setting, skills lab, or simulation).
a. Explain how the ANA provisions identified in part G can be applied to the error discussed in part G2.
H. Identify four leadership qualities or traits that represent excellence in nursing.
1. Discuss the significance of the four leadership qualities identified in part H in the nurse’s role as each of the following:
• a leader at the bedside
• within a nursing team or interdisciplinary team
2. Identify how your work environment impacts the following:
• nursing leadership
• decision making
• professional development
I. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.
J. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.
RUBRIC:
A. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909813
A nursing theory that has influenced the candidate’s values and goals is identified.
A1. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909813
The explanation of how nurses apply the selected theory in part A to plan excellent nursing practices is logical.
A2. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909813
The discussion of how the theory from part A fits the candidate’s professional practice is relevant, and it accurately addresses the identified theory.
B. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909185
The contributions of 2 historical nursing figures in the nineteenth or twentieth century is identified.
B1. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909185
The comparison accurately addresses the differences in the contributions of the 2 historical figures identified in part B and is logical and well supported.
B2. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909269
The description of how the contributions of the 2 historical nursing figures have influenced the candidate’s nursing practice is accurate.
C. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909391
The explanation of the functional differences between the State Board of Nursing and the ANA is accurate and well supported.
C1. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909391
The definition of the roles of the State Board of Nursing and the ANA is provided and supported.
C2. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124910128
The explanation of how the State Board of Nursing and the ANA influence the candidate’s nursing practice is accurate and relevant.
C3. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124910128
The explanation of the requirements for professional license renewal in the candidate’s state is accurate and well supported.
C3a. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124910128
The discussion of the consequences of failure to maintain license in the candidate’s state is accurate.
C4. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909391
The comparison accurately addresses the differences between registered nursing license requirements in a compact state versus a non-compact state and is well supported.
D. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124914320
The discussion of the functional differences between the given agencies is accurate and well supported.
D1. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124914320
The discussion of how the regulatory agencies influence the candidate’s professional nursing practice is relevant.
D1a. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124914320
The discussion of the candidate’s role as a patient advocate in promoting safety when the patient has selected an alternative treatment is relevant.
E. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909391
The discussion of the purposes of the Nurse Practice Act and its influence on the candidate’s professional practice is accurate and well supported.
E1. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909391
The discussion of the scope of practice for an RN in the candidate’s state is logical and well supported.
E2. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124909391
The discussion of how the candidate’s state defines delegation for the RN is logical and well supported.
F. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2zUu4WEvTZ4eWsxa0Zia1JMeDg/edit
The discussion of the application of each nursing role to the candidate’s professional practice is relevant.
G. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124910272
2 provisions from the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics are accurately identified.
G1. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124910272
The analysis accurately addresses how the 2 provisions identified in part G influence the candidate’s professional nursing practice and the analysis is reasoned.
G2. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124910530
The description of a nursing error in a clinical practice example is relevant.
G2a. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124910272
The explanation of how the ANA provisions in part G can be applied to the error from part G2 is relevant.
H. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124913469
4 leadership qualities or traits that represent excellence in nursing are identified, and are appropriate for a nursing practice.
H1. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124913469
The discussion of how the nurse uses the identified leadership qualities or traits in part H includes each of the 4 traits, includes each of the given roles, and it is relevant.
H2. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/124913469
The submission identifies of how the work environment is impacted, and provides relevant details and examples of how each given point is impacted.
I. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/71484321
The submission includes in-text citations and references for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized and demonstrates a consistent application of APA style.
J. https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/27641407
Content reflects attention to detail, is organized, and focuses on the main ideas as prescribed in the task or chosen by the candidate. Terminology is pertinent, is used correctly, and effectively conveys the intended meaning. Mechanics, usage, and grammar promote accurate interpretation and understanding.
WEB LINK: https://www.cms.gov/
https://www.fda.gov/
http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.wgu.idm.oclc.org/sp-3.31.0a/ovidweb.cgi?QS2=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