Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes. CO2: Assess the health needs of individuals, families, aggregates, and communities using demographic and epidemiological data to identify population health risks. (PO 4) CO6: Utilize a systems-based and collaborative approach to address factors that influence the health of a community and population health problems. (PO 2) Due Date Submit to the appropriate basket in the Dropboxby 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 4. Points: 225 points

Directions

Watch the Milestone 2 tutorial by clicking this link. This tutorial is also available on Course Project page under Course Home as well as Week 4 Assignments page.   This paper is expected to be no more than four pages in length (not including the title page and reference list). Below are the requirements for successful completion of this paper.Please use the following categories as the first level headings on your paper. See the documents in the APA category in Course Resources for assistance with APA formatting. ·         [Introduction:]This beginning of your paper should catch the reader’s attention with interesting facts about your community and should include the purpose statement of the paper. This should be one paragraph.APA states that you should not title this as introduction; however, you are still expected to write a separate introduction. The title of the paper should be repeated at the top of page two and centered. ·         Community Overview: Identify the community that you are assessing by name and state and provide a general description of the community. ( I LIVE IN SOUTH MIAMI FLORIDA, USA)  What is the general character of the community? Statistics should not be included here. Your community should be the area you live or workin and should include a residential area. It should be a large enough area to answer the questions in the text. This should be one paragraph. ·         Demographic Data: Compile a range of demographic (population description) data for your community by examining U.S. Census Bureau reports. Using this data, describe your community. Compare your community data to state or national data. A summary of this data should be no more than two paragraphs. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/index.html   ·         Epidemiological Data: Compile and summarize a range of epidemiological (illness, morbidity, and mortality) data for your community by examining data from sources such as city or county health department reports, County Health Rankings (countyhealthrankings.org), or the Centers for Disease Control to describe priority health problems in your area. See the Webliography for applicable sites to search. Compare your community to state or national data. This comparison will help to identify a priority community health problem specific to your community. A summary of this data should be no more than two paragraphs.     ·         Windshield Survey: Provide a summary of your observations from your first milestone. Make sure to discuss observations related to your identified problem. This should be one to two paragraphs. ·                           WINDSHIELD SURVEY  PROJECT I already did ( Milestone 1)
Criteria Your response
1. Introduction of Community (20 points) Identify the city and state of your community and briefly describe the community you will be using for this assignment. It should be the area where you live or the area surrounding your work setting but must include a residential area. Demographic data are not needed. I currently reside in the city of Miami in Florida.  Miami has a population of 417,650, and Florida 19,600,311 based on the 2013 census. The average age is 36.2 years.  72.6% of the population is white.  70.0% of the population is Hispanic. (I’m not sure how the total percentage comes out to greater than 100%, unless some of the Hispanics counted themselves as white, or vice versa….) 19.2% of the population is African American. 1.0% of the population is Asian. In addition, 70.9% of people over the age of 25 have a high school diploma and 23.1% of people have a bachelors degree or higher.  32.8% of the population owns their homes; the median house income is $30,375. Retrieve from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/1245000.html
2. Windshield Survey (100 points) a. Vitality:Use a majority of the questions from Box 6-2 in your text to describe your observations about the community vitality. The majority of the people who lives in my neighborhood are Hispanic. The most common ethnicity or race in Miami, Florida is white and Hispanic. The general appearance of the resident’s downtown is healthy and very fit bodies. I also notice residents that are appropriate dress and clean outfits. Here in Miami, Florida people take care very well of their appearance and look. Miami is a city of the entertainment, many places to visits and beautiful beaches, because of that many visitors and tourists come to visit our community.  People of various ages are visible in the mid town, during the day, there are many people of both genders and ages walking while carrying laundry bags or pushing carts with groceries. There is a home for the mental disable and some of the residents can be seen walking outside. I also noticed elderly using walker and wheelchair, others getting out of their private bus for elderly people. During the night, especially during weekends and near the beach, I notice many people under the influence of alcohol or drugs.  
b. Indicators of social and economic conditions: Use a majority of the questions from Box 6-2 in your text to describe your observations about the social and economic conditions. In Miami, Florida there are many single and multifamily residences. The condition of these homes and apartments varies with the neighborhood. We also have public houses, especially for single mothers, and homeless people that don’t have where to go or live.   The most common method of transportation is by car, buses, and train. You can also notice young adults riding motorcycles at high speed in highways. In the city of Miami we provide programs for elderly, like free transportation, food stamps, and activities reunions. Miami afford job opportunities; we have factories, small businesses, but no military installations. There are unemployed people such as homeless, especially in Downtown, living in the street under bridges. Even though we offer then public houses, most of them prefer to live in the street.  
c. Health Resources: Use a majority of the questions from Box 6-2 in your text to describe your observations about the health resources. In Miami, Florida we have many local hospitals, which the majorities are very big that provides diverse services. We also have Dialysis centers, pharmacies, and surgical supply stores. There are Nursing/Rehab Centers as well as adult day care services. There are Urgent Care, and several medical, dental, and chiropractic offices. We have a Miami-Dade County Health Department, which offer diverse services like STD treatments, homeless or abused shelters, family planning services and more. There are mobile health vehicles and blood donation centers.  
d. Environmental conditions related to health: Use a majority of the questions from Box 6-2 in your text to describe your observations about the environmental conditions. The condition of the roads and streets of the city of Miami are very good. With all the drainage systems in place and working well. There are adequate traffic lights, signs and handicapped accessible sidewalks throughout the town. Even thought Miami is a heavily trafficked city, all streets are very well organized with the proper signs. There are many restaurants. Usually, we don’t see people selling food in the streets, neither people eating in public areas. We have public restroom available in everywhere.
e. Social functioning: Use a majority of the questions from Box 6-2 in your text to describe your observations about the social functioning. The generation within the neighborhood ranges from elderly to infants. There are families observed, and families are seen with either a mom or dad being present with their children. Families are caring for the children. Many of the families in the neighborhood remain to their selves and their family, the people working within their yard is not bothering their neighbors. I did not observe anything that would make me suspicious of social problems, neither gang activity, juvenile delinquency or drug or alcohol abuse.
f. Attitude toward healthcare: Use a majority of the questions from Box 6-2 in your text to describe your observations about the attitudes toward healthcare. The public health and Planned Parenthood clinics provide preventive and wellness care to the uninsured people. Frequently, volunteers from local hospitals offer a free annual Community Health Fair which provides education, cholesterol testing, blood pressure, diabetic testing, stroke risk and HIV screening services for Miami residents. There are many botanical and herbal medicine stores. I see advertising promoting a healthy lifestyle, exercise, how to quit smoking, not text and drive, neither drink nor drive.  
3. Conclusion: (20 pts) Provide a summary of your findings and your conclusion. What problems did you identify? In conclusion, the city of Miami provides numerous services and educational resources for its residents regarding ways to stay healthy. Also the town aims to maintain cohesiveness thought organized community service. Overall, the community has well-kept houses and living conditions. Many of the people are found walking the streets during the day and enjoying what the community has to offer. The community has many of options within the health system. Many hospitals that provides great care to the patients. For homeless or people who have a drug or alcohol problem, we have locations that provide help for them.
  ·         Problem Diagnosis: o    Using the assessment data, identify one community health nursing problem that you consider to be a priority concern. o    Relate your choice to one of the Healthy People 2020specific numbered objectives (not just a goal). Healthy People objectives are located within a topic area under the Objectives tab. o    Your rationale should also include why this is a problem in your community and factors that contribute to the problem. Avoid discussion of interventions in this milestone. o    Include a discussion of your problem within formation from at least two scholarly sources (such as professional journal articles).(Review the documents in the APA category in Doc Sharing for help in determining sources that are considered scholarly—hint, .com websites are not considered scholarly sources).This should be no more than three paragraphs. ·         Summary:Summarize your community assessment and diagnosis findings and include a brief statement about the problema nd the major factors that contribute to this problem. This information should be no more than two paragraphs. ·         Reference Page: All references should be cited within the paper and should be included on the reference page.

Guidelines

·         Application: Use Microsoft Word 2010 (or later)to create this assignment. ·         Use the categories above as APA headings for the sections of your paper. ·         Length: This paper is expected to be no more than four pages in length (not including the title page and reference list). ·         Submission: Submit your file via the basket in the Dropbox: Milestone 2 Assessment and Diagnosis, by 11:59 p.m.MT Sunday of Week 4. ·         Scholarly Writing: APA format is required. Review APA documents in the APA categoryin Course Resourcesand use the free resources of SmartThinking for writing tutors. ·         Save your paper with your last name in the document title (e.g., Smith Assessment and Diagnosis). ·         Late Submission: See the course policy on late submissions.

Best Practicesin Preparing the Paper

The following are best practices in preparing this project. ·         Complete the demographic, epidemiologic, and windshield survey prior to choosing a problem to focus on. ·         Choose onenursing problem specific to your community. ·         Make sure all elements of the paper are addressed and headings for each category are included. ·         Review directions thoroughly. ·         Cite all sources within the paper as well as on the reference page. ·         Proofread prior to final submission. ·         Check for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission. ·         Use the A column of the rubric below to ensure that you have included all the needed elements. ·         Abide by the CCN academic integrity policy. The paper must be your original work. Once submitted to the Dropbox, check back to ensure that your Turnitin similarity index is less than 24%, if not revise and resubmit prior to the deadline.]]>

In this unit, we discussed how 20% of violent criminals receive probation. Do you think that violent criminals should receive probation? Explain your reasoning.
REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE’S RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTION AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE? (A MINIMUM OF 200 WORDS EACH POST)
CLASSMATE’S POST
The short answer is no. All crimes are violent ask any victim; all crimes have victims ask any neighbor. It only makes me wonder of the 20% violent criminals receive probation.  Why? A violent criminal is either a murder, rapist, kidnapper, armed robber, assault, terrorist, etc.  All of these people deserve to go to prison where they will be kept away from innocent citizens.
I am perplexed that this is happening because if someone is being minus to society then they should be removed from it long enough to understand such behavior won’t be tolerated. All in all, the crime a person is convicted of does play a major role factor determining the security level of prison they’ll be sent to.  Perhaps this just my opinion that inmates are evaluated regularly once they are in prison and depending on their conduct in prison that security level may be raised or lowered. Also, it is important to understand a person serving time for a violent crime doesn’t guarantee that they are a nonviolent person. It just doesn’t make sense to me. Am I right or wrong here?
My understanding we absolutely must get more serious about violent predatory crimes. If you are a murderer, a rapist, child predator you are clearly a serious danger to the public and no data shows we can assure you won’t do it again.  Let be serious here to me these crimes constitute an individual giving up his right to be part of our society.

CT 6 Healthcare Information

Describe the distinct components of stand-alone decision support systems (DSS) and provide some specific examples of these systems and how they may be used in the healthcare environment.
Your paper should meet the following requirements:

  • Be 4-6 pages in length, not including the title and reference pages.
  • Include 3-5 references, in addition to the textbook. Remember, you must support your thinking/opinions and prior knowledge with references; all facts must be supported; in-text references used throughout the assignment must be included in an APA-formatted reference list.
THE POLICY THAT IS OR WILL IMPACT CHANGE SHOULD BE RELATED TO THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OR NURSING SPECIFICALLY.
Baccalaureate nursing – healthcare writers onlyAPA format- if you’re able to write this paper well, and get me an A grade, I will use you for all future papers…and trust me, there will be a lot. price is negotiable.For this week’s assignment, you will prepare an annotated bibliography on a topic related to health care that is currently impacted by a policy change or potential policy change. The policy that is or will impact change should be related to the health care system or nursing specifically. Look for information that shows that the policy, in your opinion, improved or did not improve the health care system or nursing practice.Choose a Policy IssueReview the Unit 3 study activities to read a list of potential policy issues that will give you a foundation to help you determine which policy change you are interested in. Choose one issue to focus on. The area that you choose to focus on could include particular interests that would lead you to explore articles that look at legal, ethical, and regulatory process in health care or nursing practice.What Is an Annotated Bibliography?Use the four articles that you chose, keeping the following information in mind:A bibliography is a list of sources (books, journals, Web sites, periodicals, et cetera) one has used for researching a topic. A bibliography usually just includes the bibliographic information (that is, the author, title, publisher, et cetera).An annotation is a summary or evaluation.Therefore, an annotated bibliography includes a summary or evaluation of each of the sources in the bibliography. For this assignment, you are expected to include both a summary andan evaluation.Your annotations should address the following three areas for EACH of the four articles you select:Summarize: What are the main arguments? What is the point of this article or chapter? What topics are covered? If someone asked what this source is about, what would you say?Evaluate: Is it a useful source? How does it compare with other sources in your bibliography? Is the information reliable? Is this source biased or objective? What is the goal of this source? (Or the goal of the writer?)Reflect: How does the source assist or fit into your practice? Was this source helpful to you? How might this source help you shape an argument (in favor of or against) the topic presented? Has the source changed how you think about this topic?Assignment GradingBe sure to consult the scoring guide for this assignment to see how your work will be graded. Notice that you will be expected to apply APA writing style to write clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. You may wish to consult Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 in the APA manual and the information listed in this unit’s Writing Resources study.Review your annotated bibliography and make sure it is complete, using the checklist below.Components of the annotated bibliography:Begins with a title page that includes your name.Lists citation information for the articles or chapters, formatted in APA style.Each citation is followed by an annotation, approximately one page in length.The bibliography comprises a variety of credible perspectives.The final page consists of a reference list that includes all of your APA-formatted citations, in alphabetical order.The assignment is 6-8 pages long, including the title page and references.Each annotation should contain some or most of the following:Provides the reader with more information about the content of the sources.Consists of a paragraph that is both descriptive and evaluative (about 150 words).Offers both a description and a critical assessment of the articles or chapters being annotated.Gives the reader a sense of the quality of the source.Gives a sense of the argumentative position of the author relative to others in the field.Informs the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.Concisely exposes the author’s point of view and the clarity of the work.Evaluates the appropriateness of expression, and authority.Summarizes the central theme and scope of the article or chapter.Evaluates the authority or background of the author.Comments on the intended audience.Compares or contrasts this work with another you have cited.Explains how this work illuminates your bibliography topic.If you would like to practice formatting APA citations before you submit this first assignment, click on the links, in Resources, to access interactive media that will help you practice.

Students are required to submit weekly reflective narratives throughout the course that will culminate in a final, course-long reflective journal due in Topic 10. The narratives help students integrate leadership and inquiry into current practice.
This reflection journal also allows students to outline what they have discovered about their professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses, and additional resources that could be introduced in a given situation to influence optimal outcomes. Each week students should also explain how they met a course competency or course objective(s).
In each week’s entry, students should reflect on the personal knowledge and skills gained throughout the course. Journal entries should address one or more of the areas stated below.  In the Topic 10 graded submission, each of the areas below should be addressed as part of the summary submission.

  1. New practice approaches
  2. Interprofessional collaboration
  3. Health care delivery and clinical systems
  4. Ethical considerations in health care
  5. Practices of culturally sensitive care
  6. Ensuring the integrity of human dignity in the care of all patients
  7. Population health concerns
  8. The role of technology in improving health care outcomes
  9. Health policy
  10. Leadership and economic models
  11. Health disparities

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Translation of a research-based intervention to practice involves a critical review of numerous published research studies to discern if individuals – research subjects – were treated according to the ethical values and principles as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Reflect upon your selected practice problem and the eventual research-based intervention you select for your practice change project and address the following. (OBESITY)
1-What are the potential benefits and harms related to your selected practice problem when considering a research-based intervention for your practice change project?
2-Are there competing personal or professional values related to this research-based intervention that might impact the implementation of this intervention in your practice setting?
3-What types of objections might be raised? How will you explain your decision to key stakeholders to address these objections?
Please answer these questions separated and use at least 3 sources no later than 5 years.
You can use this sources:
Resnik, D. B. (2015, May). Glossary of commonly used terms in research ethics. Retrieved from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences website: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/glossary/index.cfm
·  Resnik, D. B. (2018, July). Research ethics timeline (1932–Present). Retrieved from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences website: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/timeline/index.cfm (Links to an external site.)

Nursing Engagement

Rationale:
Nursing engagement is linked to critical safety, quality, and patient experience outcomes.Nurses and the medical profession must understand the intricacies of engagement to improve patient care and move the practice to higher levels of professional interaction.
Proposed Topic:
The proposed qualitativeresearch topic examines and analyzesemergency room nurseburnout and retention. Burnout is a problem in most professions.  This is especially true with the rigors of nursing.Career aspirations and dreams represent the motivation to enter the profession. These are present at the beginning of a career and present an anticipatory set of ideal working conditions.  The actual experiences of day-to-day working conditions, workload, expectations, treatment, management, and environment represent a reality which determines the level of possible burnout or satisfaction for the nurses. The relationship of anticipated aspirations and dreams versus experience can lead to exhaustion and burnout as described by Aiken, Clarke, Sloan, Sochalski, and Silber (2002).The study will sample 25 emergency room nurses with one to five years of experience, who will be administered a survey to collect data. The survey will have respondents answer Likert Scale items indicating the level of satisfaction with various aspects of their current position, along with their career dreams and aspirations at the beginning of their career. The survey will also ask respondents to respond to a series of items which will indicate levels of burnout and likelihood to be retained within the profession. In addition to the survey, ten separate nurses will be interviewed to better assess their engagement and opinions on the practice
Independent Variable-Career dreams/aspirations and job satisfaction elements
Dependent Variables- Level of burnout/engagement, and the likely retention of emergency room nurses.
Research Question:

  • What are the key differences between emergency room nurse career dreams/aspirations and their actual experience in the practice?
  • What are the key factors leading to emergency room nurse burnout and possible exit from the nursing practice?

  • What is the current health status of this minority group?
  • How is health promotion defined by the group?
  • What health disparities exist for this group?
  • Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice. Cite a minimum of three references in the paper. You will find important health information regarding minority groups by exploring the following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) links:
    1. Minority Health: http://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/index.html
    2. Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH): http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/reach.htm
    3. Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: http://www.samhsa.gov/specific-populations/racial-ethnic-minority
    Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.   This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. RUBRICS
      1 Unsatisfactory 0.00% 2 Less than Satisfactory 75.00% 3 Satisfactory 79.00% 4 Good 89.00% 5 Excellent 100.00%
    80.0 %Content  
    10.0 % Health Status of Minority Group Health status content is missing. The health status of the identified minority group is compared and contrasted with the national average, but is incomplete or lacking relevant information. References are vague and/or irrelevant. Subject knowledge is unclear and/or inconsistent. The health status of the identified minority group is compared and contrasted in a basic way with the national average. References are mostly appropriate. Some subject knowledge is evident. The health status of the identified minority group is compared and contrasted in detail with the national average. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. The health status of the identified minority group is compared and contrasted in detail with the national average. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. Offers examples that display personal insight and/or reflection. Subject knowledge appears comprehensive.
    20.0 % Barriers to Health and Influencing Factors Barriers to health and influencing factors are missing. Identification of cultural, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical barriers to health and discussion of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education in relation to the health of the minority group are incomplete or lack relevant information. References are vague and/or irrelevant. Subject knowledge is unclear and/or inconsistent. A basic identification of most of the cultural, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical barriers to health is provided. A discussion of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education in relation to the health of the minority group is provided in a basic way. References are mostly appropriate. Some subject knowledge is evident. A detailed discussion of cultural, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical barriers to health is provided, as well as a detailed discussion of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education in relation to the health of the minority group. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. A detailed discussion of cultural, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical barriers to health is provided, as well as a detailed discussion of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education in relation to the health of the minority group. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. Offers examples that display personal insight and analysis. Subject knowledge appears comprehensive.
    20.0 % Diverse Population Diverse population content is missing. Description of current health status, definition of health promotion, and health disparities of the diverse population is incomplete or lacking relevant information. References are vague and/or irrelevant. Subject knowledge is unclear and/or inconsistent. A basic identification of most of current health status, definition of health promotion, and health disparities of the diverse population is presented. References are mostly appropriate. Some subject knowledge is evident. A detailed identification of current health status, definition of health promotion, and health disparities of the diverse population is provided. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. A detailed identification of current health status, definition of health promotion, and health disparities of the diverse population is provided. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. Offers examples that display personal insight and/or analysis. Subject knowledge appears comprehensive.
    30.0 % Health Promotion Approach Health promotion approach content is missing. A description of at least one approach, health promotion prevention levels (primary, secondary, and tertiary), and rationale for approach is incomplete or lacking relevant information. References are vague and/or irrelevant. Subject knowledge is unclear and/or inconsistent. A basic description of at least one approach is provided: The three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) are mostly covered. A basic rationale for the approach describing why it is the most effective for the needs of the minority group is provided. References are mostly appropriate. Some subject knowledge is evident. A detailed description of at least one approach is present. All three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) are described in detail. Approach is grounded in rationale describing in detail why it is the most effective for the needs of the minority group. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. A detailed description of at least one approach is present. All three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) are described in detail. Approach is grounded in rationale describing in detail why it is the most effective for the needs of the minority group. References are appropriate and clearly connected to content. Good subject knowledge is demonstrated. Offers examples that display personal insight and/or analysis are present. Subject knowledge appears comprehensive.
    15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness  
    5.0 % Thesis Development and Purpose Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not clear. Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
    15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness  
    5.0 % Paragraph Development and Transitions Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence. No apparent connections between paragraphs are established. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope. Organization is disjointed. Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness. Some degree of organization is evident. Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization and/or in their relationships to each other. A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent. Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Topic sentences and concluding remarks are appropriate to purpose. There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
    15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness  
    5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
    5.0 %Format  
    2.0 % Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct.
    3.0 % Research Citations (In-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment) No reference page is included. No citations are used. Reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used. Analysis does not meet the required number of references (3) specified in the assignment. Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present. Analysis meets the required number of references (3) specified in the assignment. Reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and style is usually correct. Analysis exceeds the number of references (3) specified in the assignment. In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error. Analysis exceeds the number of references (3) specified in the assignment.
    100 % Total Weightage  
     ]]>

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    Environmental Issues

    1. Choose one of the assignments below and post your answers or ‘editorial’ in this forum.
      1. Select an article from the mass media (newspaper) that deals with an “environmental” health issue. Analyze and critique the article by answering the following questions:
        • What are the characteristics of the community involved?
        • What appears to be the sources of the problem?
        • What evidence is provided in the article to substantiate the cause?
        • Does the news coverage describe health effects?
        • What population is at risk?
        • Does the coverage provide adequate information for consumers to understand the problem and seek any needed assistance?
        • How would you improve this article for better public awareness?
      2. Identify an environmental health problem in your community.
        • Familiarize yourself about this problem by interviewing or talking with experts in the area, reading recent literature and research reports, and searching the Internet for information about the problem.
        • Contact your Senator or Congressperson who has been involved in legislation related to the problem and learn what he or she plans to do about it.
        • Summarize what you have learned and present it in writing as a letter to the editor of your local newspaper.
        • Share the letter in this Discussion Forum
    2. Your response should be 500 words.