Discussion Question
Please answer each of the following questions in detail and provide in-text citations in support
of your argument. Include examples whenever applicable. Make sure to provide examples for
each of the questions below.
a. Discuss how time value of money in the context of compounding interest.
b. Explain what an annuity is and what are the two most common types of annuity. Explain
how the present value and future value of an annuity is determined.
c. Extend the notion of compounding mentioned in your answer to part “a” above to
general situations where compounding is induced by growth, inflation, or deflation.
Activity 2
Part A:
By the end of this year you would be 35 years old and you want to plan for your retirement.
You wish to retire at the age of 65 and you expect to live 20 years after retirement. Upon
retirement you wish to have an annual sum of $50,000 to supplement your social security
benefits. Therefore, you opened now your retirement account with 7% annual interest rate. At
retirement you liquidate your account and use the funds to buy an investment grade bond
which makes $50,000 annual coupon payments based on a 6 % coupon rate, throughout your
retirement years.
1. How much will the face value of the bond that you will be investing?
2. Please calculate the monthly payment in your retirement account in order to be able to
achieve the plan mentioned above?
3. How much will your inheritors receive?
Now let’s extend the problem so that you protect yourself against inflation.
Part B:
Suppose you think if you were to retire right now you would have needed $50,000 each year to
supplement your social security and maintain your desired lifestyle. But because there is on
average 3% annual inflation, when you retire in 30 years from now you need more than
$50,000 per year to maintain the lifestyle you like.
4. How much will be equivalent to $50,000 at the retirement time when adjusted for
inflation?
5. How much will be the face value of the bond that yields the equivalent of $50,000, found
in #4 of Part B in coupon payment?
6. How much annual payment in the retirement account is needed to accumulate the
amount needed to purchase the bond when retiring?
7. What is the purchase power of the amount that will be received by your inheritors,
measured in the current value of $ at the time of opening the retirement account?
(Hint: First calculate what future amount in 30 years, which is equivalent to $50,000 of now and
then solve the rest of the problem).

The Joint Commission and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) developed quality and safety indicators for various health care systems. These indicators seek to establish accountability for health care organizations through a reporting system, which is available to the public. For this Discussion, explore various accrediting organizations and specific measures that pertain to quality. In your research on accrediting organizations, consider how these quality measures affect quality outcomes, support ethical principles, and influence the delivery of clinical services.
 

To prepare:

  • Select one specific quality indicator      from the Week 2 Discussion and compare it with those outlined in this      week’s Learning Resources (In week 2 discussion, I spoke about nosocomial      infections and pain management as quality indicators).
  • Review the accrediting body standards      that pertain to your organization focusing on those standards that require      your organization to define its quality management program.
  • Consider regulatory requirements at      the state or national level that affect quality outcomes in your      organization.
  • Ask yourself: How do the Centers for      Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) restricted reimbursements affect      quality management or improvement efforts at my organization? How do these      standards and regulations influence or support ethical principles and      influence patient care and nursing practice?

By tomorrow Wednesday 12/13/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 references from the list below that addresses the level one & two headings as numbered and lettered below:

post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:

1) Choose any measurement and explain the extent to which your chosen measure is affected by CMS driven incentives and disincentives. 

2) From a systems perspective, discuss how this measure affects:

a. Quality outcomes 

b. Supports ethical principles 

c. Influences patient care and nursing practice.

Required Readings

Joshi, M.S., Ransom, E.R., Nash, D.B., & Ransom, S.B., (Eds.). (2014). The Healthcare Quality Book, 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.

Chapter 5: “Data Collection”

Chapter 6: “Statistical Tools for QI”

Park, J., Konetzka, R. T., & Werner, R. M. (2011). Performing well on nursing home report cards: Does it pay off? Health Services Research, 46(2), 531–554. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01197.x

The study in this article evaluates whether or not nursing homes benefit from improvements in quality measures. Four financial outcomes are measured before and after the improvements are enacted. The study shows that the nursing homes that improved quality measures benefitted financially.

Suchy, K. (2010). A lack of standardization: The basis for the ethical issues surrounding quality and performance reports. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55(4), 241–251.

Because performance reports are easily found online, this article supports creating ethical guidelines for the performance reports of the health care industry. It compares nearly ten different organizations that provide performance reporting, and then it proposes an ethical framework and principles for public quality reporting.

Wachter, R. M., & Pronovost, P. J. (2009). Balancing “no blame” with accountability in patient safety. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(14), 1401–1406.

This article addresses the issue of individual accountability in health care organizations. It suggests moving from a culture within health care that does not place blame on individuals to a culture where individuals become more accountable.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.). Quality initiatives: Overview. Retrieved from http://www.cms.gov/QualityInitiativesGenInfo/

Created by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, this website overviews quality initiatives that affect the health care industry. It also provides information and downloadable PDFs on the Post-Acute Care Reform Plan and Development of Quality Indicators for Impatient Rehabilitation Facilities (IRF).

Required Media

Video: Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Organizational and systems leadership for quality improvement: External quality improvement. Baltimore: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.

The presenters in this video discuss various external organizations involved in quality, and examine the enforcement of standards by governmental agencies versus voluntary organizations. This program also addresses the publication of quality information and why organizations should do their own reporting in addition to mandated reporting. Licensing, credentialing, and certification are discussed as they relate to the social compact that health care providers have for quality and safety.

Read Case Study 10.2, “Luther,” on page 231 of the Corey, Haynes, Moulton, and Muratori Clinical Supervision in the Helping Professions text.  (see attached file)
For your initial discussion post:

  • Based on your  readings, identify the top three issues you would consider in setting the  supervision experience with Luther. These can be from the perspective of  the university, the site, or the supervisee-intern.
  • How would these  considerations manifest in the tasks of supervision? Address research findings on roles and responsibilities of the supervisor. Select a model of supervision, different from a previously selected model, for use with this supervisee.
  • Describe how you think Luther will respond to the evaluation.
  • Moving forward, what plan for evaluation would you implement for Luther, based on this case?
  • If you were the university supervisor, how would you assess Luther’s suitability to remain in the counseling program? What methods would you use to evaluate this intern? If you, as the gatekeeper, decide he is not meeting the standards of the profession, what action would you take? Identify potential legal and ethical issues.
  • Provide your rationale with support from the (3-5 articles and texts) literature for your response.

Complete in 600-750 words

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Module 4 Discussion
Nicole Bachich
St. Thomas University
This patient is a 75-year-old woman who presents with complaints of chest pain. Chest pain is a common presenting symptom with various causes (Ayerbe, González, Gallo, Coleman, Wragg, & Robertson, 2016). This patient’s chest pain began when she was walking up the steps and at that time, she rated it an 8 out of 10. In order to collect more subjective data, I would ask this patient to describe her pain in more detail. First, I would ask her to describe the pain. This patient described her pain as burning or aching. I would want to know if the burning, aching pain was constant or if it would come and go. The patient denied that the pain radiated to her arm, but I would ask if it radiated to the upper chest. I would ask her if she was diaphoretic when the pain occurred. I would also ask the patient if laying down caused more pain. Other questions to ask this patient would be if she took anything to try and relieve the pain and I would ask her about any drug or alcohol use in her present or past. Cocaine use can cause coronary spasms (Rhoads & Wiggins Petersen, 2021). I would also ask the patient if she has a history of anxiety.
When conducting the physical assessment on this patient I would gather more objective data. I would assess the patient’s skin color, mucous membranes, and lips to assess for cyanosis or anemia. I would assess her skin temperature as well and check to see if she was diaphoretic. I would also assess the patient’s eyes and check for Xanthelasmas and any skin or nail changes, which may be present in a patient with angina (Zitkus, 2010). Changes in skin texture and hair distribution may also be present in peripheral vascular disease.
The diagnostic tests that I would order would be an electrocardiogram (ECG), a troponin I level, an X-Ray of the digestive system and chest, and an endoscopy. The ECG and troponin lab would be done to rule out any cardiac abnormalities or if the patient may have had a myocardial infarction, and this patient does not appear to be in acute cardiac distress. The other tests would be done to assess for a possible gastrointestinal cause for her chest pain. Non-cardiac chest pain can cause angina like pain in patients without heart disease.
Three differential diagnoses that I would give for this patient are Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), esophageal motility disorders, and gastric ulcer. I believe that this chest pain is related to a gastrointestinal cause because gastrointestinal pain can be described as a burning sensation in the middle of the chest (Rhoads & Wiggins Petersen, 2021). However, thee diagnoses can only truly be made after ruling out any cardiac related chest pain, as cardiac related chest pain caused by a myocardial infarction may have similar symptoms (Frieling, 2018). GERD is a common cause of non-cardiac related chest pain, and it is attributed to up to 60% of non-cardiac chest pain diagnoses (Frieling, 2018).
References
Ayerbe, L., González, E., Gallo, V., Coleman, C. L., Wragg, A., & Robson, J. (2016). Clinical assessment of patients with chest pain; a systematic review of predictive tools. BMC cardiovascular disorders, 16, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-016-0196-4
Frieling, T. (2018). Non-Cardiac Chest Pain. Visceral Medicine, 34, 92-96. doi: 10.1159/000486440
Rhoads, J., & Wiggins Petersen, S. (2021). Advanced Health Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.
Zitkus, B. (2010). Assessing chest pain accurately. Nursing2010, 40, 1-6 doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000389904.40627.35
Guidelines in developing a Group Proposal.
TOPIC OF THE GROUP PROPOSAL: PREVENTION SUICIDE IN TEENANGERS, 16-18 AGE. LATINO/ FEMALE/SPANISH.
Whatever information you found the most, choose one, but it has to be prevention suicide in teenagers around 16-18.
TOTALLY OF PAGES: 7 PAGES THE WHOLE PAPER.
Introduction part: 2-3 PAGES
-Why is there a need for such a group?
– What type of group are you forming?
– For whom is the group intended? Identify the specific population. What do you know about the needs for this population?
-Most importantly your rationale for this group needs or be clear and convincing, remember you might have to convince and audience about why there is a need for your group.
-State your goals or what you expect to achieve?
NOTE: You have to include 5 peer review articles from Albizu library for your introduction, to sustain your point and convince your audience. Put facts, statistics whatever your found about the topic.
1. Use the following resources:
HOW TO ACCES THE VIRTUAL LIBRARY:
Step 1. Go to www.albizu.edu Once you are on the university page, click on SunPortal at the top right hand side.
Step 2. On the sun portal login page do the following:
Username: schavez564
Password: sabrina1998
Step 3. Click on Virtual Library
-CAU ONLINE LIBRARY COBIMET (PEER REVIEWED/ FULL TEXT ARTICLES)
-NOTHING OLDER THAN 8 YEARS
Objectives:
-How many members in your group? Is there a specific group?
-Are you planning to conduct any pre-group interviewing or pre-screening candidates?
-Where will the group meet and how long will the session be?
-Will it be an open or close group? Would there be any group pre-selection or pre-screening?
-What topics will be explored in this group?
Final Part: 
-This part should include how you see your initial goals achieved, or what you expect your group members to accomplish after attending your group.
-If you are administering a pre-screening tool what do you expect to see as you complete the group as far as changes in the scores.
The Interview Project in this course will consist of a written paper and will help you to examine your career development in two parts. It should be written in standard APA style (i.e. double-spaced in 12 point Times New Roman font with one-inch margins). Your paper should be 3 to 5 pages in length (not including cover or reference page if included), well-organized and well-written.
For the first part of this project, you will need to locate and interview a person who holds the career you plan to pursue. Remember, many professionals are extremely busy and you may need to schedule this interview several weeks ahead of time – do not wait until the last minute! You should include information about the interview in your reflection paper articulating why you have chosen a certain career path, how it is a realistic and attainable goal, and how you plan on attaining that career goal.
For the second part of this project, you should include whether your career plans have changed after taking this course (it has not changed for me), what new careers related to psychology you learned about, what types of experiences you will seek out to meet your career goals, and what areas you need further information in to pursue your goals.
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Please put all three assignments on serpate word documentsDiscussion oneVisit theQuality Check page(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.https://www.qualitycheck.org/ of The Joint Commission website enterMount Sinai One Gustave L. Levy PlaceNew York NY the second one is New york presbyterian brooklyn methodist 506 Sixth Street Brooklyn NY 11215and select search. Take the following steps to find two health care organizations:Identify two health care organizations that show a need for improvement in one specific area. Note that you may find a hospital that has achieved a high score. However there is always room for improvement.After reviewing your findings state the National Safety Goals and National Quality Improvement Goals where the facilities needed to improve. Compare and contrast the differences between the two facilities. In addition list two recommendations that you feel would improve that particular area.Discussion TwoAfter reading Chapters 3 and 4 you should be familiar with the many stakeholders involved in the health care system. In the early 70s legislation was created for the establishment of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in an attempt to reduce health care costs due to the excessive spending of the fee-for-service health plans. Considering the reason for their creation discuss your opinion regarding why managed care organizations did or did not have the intended effect. List two examples that prove your point.Your initial post should be 250-300 words and utilize at least one scholarly source from the Ashford UniversityUse this as one of the sourceshttps://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/evaluating-negotiating-payment-optionsASSIGNMENTThere is a templete attached please use it for this assignmentMost people have experienced frustration when talking with customer service at least once. Often organizations provide satisfaction surveys to customers in order to evaluate their experience. In the health care field accrediting agencies require providers to measure patient satisfaction through surveys. You will be using theCustomer Satisfaction Improvement Plan template(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.document to enter all of your information. Note: If you have responded substantively to each of the content items within the template of the assignment the template document should be between three and four pages.

Federalism and Public Policy
Nothing is more certain than the indispensable necessity of government, and it is equally undeniable, that whenever and however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers.” – Alexander Hamilton
The U.S. Constitution established a national government based on the principle of federalism – which delineated government responsibilities at the federal and state level. Although the word federalism does not appear in the U.S. Constitution, sections of the U.S. Constitution explain powers held solely by the federal government, shared by both the federal and state governments, and reserved to the states.
Watch Constitutional Hall Pass: Federalism, a brief video explanation of federalism from the National Constitution Center.
Since ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1788, the federal and state governments have been, on occasion, embroiled in a series of authorial and policy making debates regarding the U.S. Constitution – in particular the evolving interpretation of the Tenth Amendment. This debate between federal power and state’s rights has many public policy examples.
Directions: Using the required, academic readings, and supplemental academic research, please address the following while adhering to the Discussion Board Rubric:

  • Identify the constitutional principles of federalism.
  • Select a specific example of federalism from one of the following fields:
    • Economic policy (for example, U.S. allocation of federal grants)
    • Education policy (for example, the implementation of Common Core)
    • Environmental policy (for example, the Clean Air Act)
    • Healthcare policy (for example, the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare))
    • Welfare policy (for example, Medicaid)
  • Explain this specific example of federalism.
    • Is this specific public policy a federal, state, or local public policy?
    • How does this specific public policy affect the roles of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches within a federal government?
    • Why does this example interest you?
    • How does this example affect you?
  • Support your analysis with information obtained from the text, the U.S. Constitution, and/or subsequent federal and state laws.

References:
National Constitution Center. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://constitutioncenter.org/.
The Constitution of the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution.

5-1. What are some of the chronic and acute physiological effects of alcohol use? 

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
26) Screen for alcohol and other drug toxicity, withdrawal symptoms, aggression or danger to others, and potential for self-inflicted harm or suicide.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

5-2. According to the latest version of the DSM, what are the signs and symptoms of alcohol use disorder? 

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
9) Understand the established diagnostic criteria for substance dependence and abuse, and describe treatment modalities and placement criteria within the continuum of care.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

6-1. Describe the medical and spiritual uses of hallucinogens both currently and in the past.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 
5.C.2.h. Classifications, indications, and contraindications of commonly prescribed psychopharmacological medications for appropriate medical referral and consultation.
This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

6-2. Consider the physiological effects of the so-called “designer” drugs. What are the dangers of these drugs? 

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

7-1. Describe the potential risks of the following:
A. Over-the-counter drugs
B. Dietary supplements

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
4) Recognize the potential for substance use disorders to mimic a variety of medical and psychological disorders, and the potential for medical and psychological disorders to co-exist with addiction and substance abuse.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

7-2. What are some of the reasons why people use performance-enhancing drugs? Do you think that people can become dependent on performance-enhancing drugs?

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
26) Screen for alcohol and other drug toxicity, withdrawal symptoms, aggression or danger to others, and potential for self-inflicted harm or suicide.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

8-1. How would you explain the challenges regarding which disorder came first, the mental illness or the addiction? Provide an example to support your explanation.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standards:
5.C.2.e. Potential for substance use disorders to mimic and/or co-occur with a variety of neurological, medical, and psychological disorders.
5.C.2.g. Impact of biological and neurological mechanisms on mental health.
This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

8-2. How would you incorporate psychopharmacological treatment when working with a client suffering from anxiety and addiction? What types of medication would you expect the client to be prescribed? What medications should not be prescribed?

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 5.C.2.h. Classifications, indications, and contraindications of commonly prescribed psychopharmacological medications for appropriate medical referral and consultation.
This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:
3) Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, on the consumer and significant others.
4) Recognize the potential for substance use disorders to mimic a variety of medical and psychological disorders, and the potential for medical and psychological disorders to co-exist with addiction and substance abuse.
14) Be familiar with medical and pharmaceutical resources in the treatment of addictive disease and other substance-related disorders.
103) Describe warning signs, symptoms, and the course of addictions.

Each Question must be answered with 150-200 words with a cite in each one. 

Example:
Question: how are you today
Answer: I am doing well “Sun is out bright” (2009)
Question: Where are you going today?
Answer: To the lake and “the sun was to bright” (2009)
Reference at the bottom on the pages

Polypharmacy In The Elderly

APA format
4-5 pages, including references
no plagiarism
Must answer the following questions (not necessarily in that order)
– What is polypharmacy?
– What risks does polypharmacy bring to older adults
– What concerns do medical professionals (nurses in particular) have with polypharmacy in elderly patients?
– Problems caused by polypharmacy
– Possible solutions for problems caused by polypharmacy
– As a nurse, what tips can be given to elderly patient to monitor polypharmacy.