Tuberculosis

M. tuberculosis can be transmitted in virtually any setting. Clinicians should be aware that transmission has been documented in healthcare settings where healthcare workers and patients come in contact with persons with infection.  • Describe the factors that determine the infectiousness of a tuberculosis (TB) patient;  • Explain the main goals of a TB infection control program;  • Discuss the three levels of an effective TB infection control program;  • Explain the purpose and the characteristics of a TB airborne infection isolation room; and  • Describe the circumstances when respirators and surgical masks should be used.     Assignment Requirements:
•follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.); •be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful; •display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and use APA 6th Edition format as outlined in the APA Progression Ladder.
 Requirements
1) APA 6th Ed format
2 ) Due 10 October
3) 6 Pages (not including title page and references)
4) 5 References
5) Plagiarism-Free
 
Tasks:
Your task is to identify 3 to 5 significant questions regarding the management of virtual teams that relate to “practice wisdom” advice found in the readings, that you believe are sufficiently important that good quality research might help resolve their validity. Trivial questions don’t really warrant research, because the research costs money and other resources that are in scarce supply. We want to reserve our research resources to address those questions that really seem important to practice—particularly issues where the practice wisdom might be divided, with one group saying one set of things and one group another, or where there is no advice available at all. So what you’re looking for in the blogs are situations where advice seems to contradict other advice, or where advice given seems to contradict your own intuition or common sense, or otherwise where ambiguity seems to exist. The two systematic research studies will give you an idea of how such research might be done.
When you identify some topic of interest, you should be able to specify:
The research question itself; what are we trying to find out?
Why is this question interesting? Who might care what the results would be?
Where might we do such a study? How might we carry it out? (Please note: You’re not being assessed here on the quality of your research expertise; just give us some general ideas about how you think we might answer your question.)
What would you expect the results to be?
Any other thoughts or ideas you might have regarding this research issue.
So your paper is to consist of your thoughts on these questions regarding each of the 3 to 5 issues that you have been able to identify from your perusal of the readings of virtual teams.
Assignment:  Compose a 6-page critical analysis paper as outlined above, on the topic: Three to five significant ideas about the management of virtual teams that could be usefully assessed by conducting systematic organizational research
References:  (3 of 5)
Edwards, A. and Wilson J. (2014). Implementing Virtual Teams.  Gower Publishing, Oxon, GBR.
(Read Part I and Part II)
Berry, G. (2011). Enhancing effectiveness of Virtual Teams, Journal of Business Communications, 186-206.
Sembdner, Stephan (2011). Success Factors of Virtual Teams in the Conflict of Cross-Cultural Team Structures, Diplomica Verlag: Hamburg Germany. (Read Chapter 2 and 3).
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    ImplementingVirtualTeamsPart1.pdf
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    ImplementingVirtualTeamsPart2.pdf
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    EnhancingeffectivenessofVirtualTeams.pdf
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    Success_Factors_of_Virtual_Teams_in_the_Conflict_o….pdf
Directions: Answer the questions below in well developed paragraphs. Make sure to use textual evidence in your responses and to provide analysis/ commentary.
Important:

  • Assignment must meet MLA standards (indentation, font style, font size, as well as citations/Works Cited)
  • Well-developed paragraphs contain at least 7-10college level sentences. Answering in less often leads to lack of analysis and well developed thought.
  • Use evidence from the text as support.

Final Questions

  1. Discuss the following external conflicts of Nora? Nora versus society.

2. Discuss the internal conflicts that Nora is dealing with throughout the play.
3. Compare/contrast Nora and Kristine.  Use specific examples from the text.
4. Does Torvald have any redeeming qualities?
5. What is the significance of the title, “A Doll’s House”? think about playing with dolls and doll houses….

Each student will conduct a search of University’s online Library resources to find 1 recent peer reviewed article (within the past 3 years) that closely relate to Strategy to Detect and Counter Deceptive Tactics. Your submission must include the following information in the following format:
Key Term:

  • Strategy to Detect and Counter Deceptive Tactics

DEFINITION: a brief definition of the key term followed by the APA reference for the term; this does not count in the word requirement.
SUMMARY: Summarize the article in your own words- this should be in the 200 word range. Be sure to note the article’s author, note their credentials and why we should put any weight behind his/her opinions, research or findings regarding the key term.
ANALYSIS: Using 350 words, write a brief analysis, in your own words of how the article relates to the selected chapter Key Term. An analysis is not rehashing what was already stated in the article, but the opportunity for you to add value by sharing your experiences, thoughts and opinions. This is the most important part of the assignment.
REFERENCES: All references must be listed at the bottom of the submission–in APA format.
Pages: 2
Instructions on How to write a Articles , please refer below:
HUGE HINT for Journal Article Review Analysis Sections. READ THIS NOW! 
You should incorporate these topics into your analysis section. If you do, then the chances of earning a high grade are GREATLY increased, in fact, this is the FIRST thing I look for when grading your papers.
1. Explain why you selected this particular article among all the articles you could have chosen on your selected term.
2. Explain why you agree or disagree with the author’s key positions in the article.
3. Explain how the article was easy or difficult to understand and why?
4. What did the author do well in your opinion? Explain.
5. Describe what you believe the author could have done better in your opinion?
6. What else should the author have included in the article and would the article benefit from a different perspective (such as from a different nationality or different industry or experience perspective). Explain.
7. What other sources or methods could the author have used to improve the research in the article?  (Hint: look up the types of qualitative and types of quantitative research methods).
8. What information / in-depth study / or further research should the author focus on as a follow up to this article and why?
9. Explain what audience would gain the most benefit from your selected article and how they could apply it in their professional lives.
10. What did you personally gain from this article and how has it shaped your thinking on the topic?
11. What are the conflicting or alternative viewpoints of the author’s position? Or  What additional research backs up and confirms or adds to the author’s position?  (Hint: this will require you to find another peer-reviewed article that challenges, confirms, or adds to, or provides a different perspective to your chosen article.)
Next,  I look for the summary, writing quality, and formatting.
I am typically very lenient on the writing because I am more focused on your content, but I will also point out how the paper could be better written. I only heavily penalize poorly written papers when there are excessive writing problems.
Why do I grade papers in this class this way?
One of the key differences in a Bachelor’s vs Master’s level is critical thinking. Bachelor’s level basically challenges direct knowledge and recall of information. The Master’s level is more about analysis and critical thinking and defending your position in a scholarly way. The analysis section of these papers is your opportunity to exercise critical thinking (that’s why I call this portion of your papers critiques).
Recalling or simply explaining the journal articles is a bachelor’s level task. When I see this in your papers I give the paper an automatic C. If the paper is poorly written it also gets an F.
To get a B or an A – you must provide a critique of the paper and the author and how well the author did and what you think of the article. The questions listed above do this properly.
I do not want to read your version of the journal article. I may as well read the journal article for myself.  Just briefly describe the article in your summary section  – but the analysis section is where you put in your personal critique – in other words, address the questions listed above and even add in additional thoughts based on your own creativity.

Sexual History and assessment paper

©Philip G. Monroe, PsyD, 2009 | Sex Therapy Assessment Questionnaire 1
Sex Therapy Assessment Questionnaire Directions: Sexual problems in marriage can be complex and multi-faceted. This survey will help us assess the nature of your problem and more quickly focus therapy to your needs. Your responses will be held in confidence and only shared with your spouse with your permission. Please answer questions by checking the box the most fits your current feelings and experiences.
Name
Age
Years married?
Previously married?
Typical frequency of sex?
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree
Strongly Disagree
1. I find thoughts about sex with my spouse pleasant. 0 1 2 3 4
2. When my spouse asks to have sex I readily agree. 0 1 2 3 4
3. When I think about sex I have unpleasant memories. 4 3 2 1 0
4. Sex disgusts me. 4 3 2 1 0
5. Sex feels like a chore most of the time. 4 3 2 1 0
6. It is easy for me to become aroused. 0 1 2 3 4
7. I am usually able to stay aroused throughout sex. 0 1 2 3 4
8. I am often distracted by other thoughts during sex. 4 3 2 1 0
9. Our sexual activity is rarely rushed. 0 1 2 3 4
10 Planning time to have sex seems undesirable to me. 4 3 2 1 0
11. I regularly satisfy my spouse’s sexual desires. 0 1 2 3 4
12. My spouse regularly satisfies my sexual desires. 0 1 2 3 4
13. I wish my spouse would be more adventurous in bed. 4 3 2 1 0
14. I feel pressured to try new things during sex. 4 3 2 1 0
15. We both usually orgasm during sex. 0 1 2 3 4
16. My spouse takes a long time to orgasm. 4 3 2 1 0
17. I take too long to orgasm. 4 3 2 1 0
18. I am able to orgasm alone but not with my spouse. 4 3 2 1 0
Alexandra Slater
37
15 No
Once a week
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
©Philip G. Monroe, PsyD, 2009 | Sex Therapy Assessment Questionnaire 2
19. My spouse orgasms too quickly. 4 3 2 1 0
20. I orgasm too quickly. 4 3 2 1 0
21. It is a big problem if I or my spouse fails to orgasm. 4 3 2 1 0
22. Our sex activity usually includes vaginal penetration. 0 1 2 3 4
23. Vaginal penetration is difficult and/or painful. 4 3 2 1 0
24. We agree on what makes for good sexual activity 0 1 2 3 4
25. We cannot talk about sexual matters without fighting. 4 3 2 1 0
26. Overall, I am satisfied with our sex life. 0 1 2 3 4
27. Overall, our marriage relationship is very strong. 0 1 2 3 4
Additional comments, questions, or problems not yet noted (e.g., known physiological problems (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, menopause), medication side effects, current or past infidelity, history of child sexual abuse, addictions, domestic violence, etc.):
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
I have suffered in my past from domestic violence. I also have diabetes. I don’t believe either of those affect my sex life. My husband sometimes during sex gets a pain in his genital area. He believes it has something to do with an accident he had years ago on a motorcycle.
©Philip G. Monroe, PsyD, 2009 | Sex Therapy Assessment Questionnaire 3
Sex Therapy Assessment Questionnaire Administration and Scoring/interpretation Directions
This survey has not been statistically evaluated. Scores are calculated only to guide clinicians in treatment decisions by eliciting information in an efficient manner. At the start, provide copies of the survey questions to each spouse ask them to respond independent of each other. Respondents are to answer questions according to their current experiences and feelings. Encourage each to write any additional concerns, problems, and questions related to their struggles in the final comments box. Once completed, score the survey by noting:
1. Total Score: Sum the total score of the 27 items. Totals may range from a low of zero to a high of 108. High scores suggest significant sexual difficulties. Respondents choosing the neutral answer for every question would receive a score of 54 while admitting a problem for each item would receive a score of 81. Thus, clinical judgment suggests totals scores of 81-108 have very serious sexual dysfunction and may need other interventions prior to engaging in sex therapy proper. Total scores between 54 and 81 may suggest significant sexual dysfunction. Scores below 27 may suggest the respondent does not perceive any significant or repetitive sexual dysfunction.
2. Domain Scores: Examine the items in the five domains assessed in the survey: Desire (#1-5), Arousal (#6-10), Technique satisfaction (#11-14), Orgasm (#15-21), Pain (#22-23), and Relationship (#24-27). The following chart provides possible interpretation of domain scores
Domain Minimal Problem Likely Problem Significant Problem
Desire 0-5 6-14 15-20
Arousal 0-5 6-14 15-20
Technique satisfaction 0-4 5-12 13-16
Orgasm 0-6 7-18 19-24
Pain 0 1-3 4-8
Relationship 0-4 5-12 13-16
3. Critical Items: Examine the responses to items 4 (disgust), 14 (pressure), 25 (fighting about sex) and 27 (overall marriage satisfaction). Dialog with the respondent about their responses if their choice acknowledges problems in this area. Also, make note of any serious issues acknowledged in the comments section of the survey. If concerns about child sexual abuse, active addictions, domestic violence, imminent divorce, coercion, etc. are present, sex therapy may not be appropriate at this time since therapy is based on a trust relationship between the couple.
4. Couple Differences: Note significant differences between spouse responses. Review these discrepancies with the couple (with permission) if confident that exposing such differences will not risk harm to either spouse.
Possible exploratory questions regarding common sexual dysfunction
Desire 1. What are your feelings about sex? If experiencing negative emotions about sex, when did they first
begin? 2. Have you ever experienced positive sexual desire for your spouse? For a previous mate? 3. What, if anything, helps increase your desire for sex with your spouse? What hinders it? 4. What efforts have you made to try to cultivate appropriate sexual desire? What worries you about
trying to cultivate desire?
Arousal
©Philip G. Monroe, PsyD, 2009 | Sex Therapy Assessment Questionnaire 4
1. Have you difficulty achieving and/or maintaining arousal through sexual activity? No. What happens when you lose your arousal? That has not happened with my husband.
2. What is necessary to achieve physical or emotional arousal for sex? With my husband I get aroused very easily. A simple kiss, touch, or even sometimes the way he looks at me gets me aroused.
3. Who initiates sex? How? Planned? Spontaneous? Frequency? We both initiate sex. We sometimes just give each other a sexy look. We have been married for 15 years we know how to read each other. Sometimes we just say “Want to?” The initiation is mostly spontaneous but we do have a deal that we keep our sex life alive so one of us initiates it at least once a week.
Techniques
1. What sexual activities provide you the greatest pleasure? I seem to get the most pleasure during the old fashion missionary position. I love to feel my husbands body on top of me and him looking down on me with his pleasure smile.
2. Does your spouse know this? Is he/she able and/or willing to provide this activity? He does know that is my favorite and is willing and able anytime.
3. Do you know what pleases your spouse most and are you able/willing to provide it? My husband loves for me to perform oral sex on him. I am willing to do it anytime even if our sexual encounter ends there.
4. What constitutes foreplay? How quickly do you move to the genitals? To penetration? We take our time. Foreplay is the best part sometimes. We have even made each other beg to move to the genital area. There are times when in the genital area we wait until right before orgasm to move to penetration but other times we just want each other so bad we go to penetration after the teasing foreplay.
5. Do you attempt to have simultaneous orgasms? We have attempted it at times but it is a difficult task sometimes.
6. Are any activities or body-parts off limits for one spouse that frustrates the other? No. I do not enjoy anal sex but my husband doesn’t mind either. He doesn’t really like it that much either.
Orgasm 1. Do both achieve satisfactory orgasm? If not, why not? I always thought satisfactory orgasm was
all orgasms. With each other every orgasm is a minimum of satisfactory. 2. Does orgasm take too long? Too premature? How much time? For me orgasm takes a long time.
It always had. My husband goes fast but not to fast and he can keep going after about a minute break. A long time to me is 20 minutes. If i do not orgasm within the first 10 then I think I am not going to. We have tried up to 20 minutes before. My husband can go in 3 – 5 minutes but he does wait for me most of the time unless I dont want him to wait.
Pain 1. Presence of pain and/or distracting sensations that hinder sexual activity or satisfaction?
Sometimes my husband has pain in his scrotum area and loses his erection. 2. Vaginal tightness hindering penetration? History of penetration? No 3. Lubrications used? Sometimes KY Jelly but mostly none used.
Relationship
1. Has your spouse ever violated your trust in regards to sexual matters? No 2. Do you feel coerced to try new things relating to sex? No 3. Do you feel you have the right to refuse sex because of interest, emotions, tiredness, etc.? Yes 4. What happens when you talk about your sexual feelings? When your spouse talks about sexual
feelings? My spouse and I have a great relationship and can talk about anything. We share everything. If there is a problem we do not have any problem communicating the problem. If we want to try something new there are no barriers and we feel comfortable and trust each other enough to ask.
 Psychology homework help
Over the course of this semester you have explored your interests, identified your strengths, reflected on your goals and how to achieve them. Your Capstone Report will comprise of a summary of what you have learned.
This paper is about mapping out your strategy to meet your goals so it is okay to draw from your personal experience but the conclusions you reach have to consist of more than your self-reflections. Think, for example, about what have you read and discussed over the semester and how that is informing your strategy. You are required to cite at least five sources from the course’s assigned readings. In addition, you can also cite material from outside the course’s reading list. Note that you will only get points for citing sources if they appear in the text of your paper and in your bibliography. If you struggle with citing material properly, I encourage you to visit the Center for Excellence in Writing for help.
You are welcome to use whatever citation style you are most comfortable with such as MLA, APA etc. FIU has a number of online resources dedicated to avoiding plagiarism (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. and making proper citations. With regard to citing from social media, UCF has outlined some guidelines for MLA style citations (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. If your paper consists of a bibliography without corresponding in text citations, you will lose points.
As we have learned while reading, “Everybody Writes” it helps to have an audience in mind to guide your writing. Your audience for this report is your personal board of directors (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. These are the people you turn to for career advice, the sounding boards for your ideas, the ones you go to when you need to be nudged to get something done. What information would you need to give them to convince them of your strategy? What concerns might they raise and how will you address them?
Your paper must specifically address the following:

  • What are your goals? What skills, experiences, insights do you possess that make you unique and how do they connect with what you want to achieve? What concrete steps have you already taken and what additional measures do you plan to take to make your goals a reality? I encourage you to revisit the readings and exercises from modules 1 to 5 for inspiration. Think of what you write in this section as your answer to the ubiquitous interview question, “Tell me about yourself”. Chapter 10 & 11 of “You Majored in What?” have some great tips to help you construct your answer.
  • Next, outline your plan to create a network that will help you achieve your objectives. You can begin by presenting an assessment of your current network (use the Uzzi and Dunlop HBR article as a guide) before discussing how you plan to broaden your circle of contacts.
  • You also need to discuss how you will be managing your online presence. Be as detailed as possible. For example, at this point you have a LinkedIn profile and perhaps a couple of connections. How are you going to expand your network to help achieve your goals? By asking people for introductions? By joining groups that share your interests? If you have come to the conclusion that you don’t need to maintain a prominent presence online, elaborate on your reasoning behind this decision.
  • Finally, what is your plan to sustain your network, and online presence?

This report should be 1500- 2500 words in length. You will be graded on the following:

  • Content: Does it fulfill the stated objective of the assignment? Has the writer made clear and well supported arguments? Are citations appropriately used? Has the author adhered to the word limits?
  • Organization: Is it easy to understand the point the author is making? Does the paper flow in a way that makes it readable?

This assignment must be submitted as a Word document.

Please read the Dianrong case study (see HBS Coursepack) and answer the following questions with substantive answers in a cohesive essay. Your paper should be at least 3 pages in length. Use proper grammar, spelling, citations, etc.
1. What are the trade offs that Dianrong is facing? How should the company prioritize its objectives? What should Soul Htite do?
2. As detailed in Exhibit 1 of the case, there are different collaboration models that Dianrong has adopted in working with various parties on technological development. How should the company decide on the nature of collaboration for technological developments in the future (via organic and in-house developments, partnerships, joint ventures, or acquisitions)?
3. Assuming that the company manages to raise an additional US$100 million, how should Dianrong allocate the capital across its many business units to maximize value in the long run? Should the company spend the money on internal R&D initiatives or M&A pursuits? Or both?
4. How should the company work with the local regulations in China? Should the company focus on reviving the P2 industry in China in the process? If so, how?
5. Are there other technologies that Dianrong should consider adding to its already expansive portfolio of technologies? In contrast, are there technologies that may seem redundant at the firm at the moment? How should Dianrong manage this to improve its competitive edge with its “technology DNA?”
Compose your essay in APA format, including the introduction and conclusion, and in-text citations for all sources used. In addition to your 3 page (minimum) essay, you must include an APA-style title page and reference page. Click the assignment link to compare your work to the rubric before submitting it. Click the same link to submit your assignment.
Overview: The final project in this course will expose you to a problem situation and task you with how it should be solved. You will imagine you are employed at a criminal justice organization facing a communal problem. Your superior at the organization has asked you to review the problem situation and offer your recommendations. You will be given the chance to evaluate the situation and develop suggestions that will inform development of strategies to address the issue using appropriate ethical and transparent leadership and communication skills. The main purpose of this fourth milestone of your project is to get you to work on the recommendations portion of your final project. You will use your previous analysis of the leadership and ethics and recommend strategies to help improve the organization’s use of ethical decision-making, the overall culture of the organization, and their relationship with the community. You will then identify obstacles that might occur when the plan is being implemented and strategies to help the organization implement and uphold your recommendations. Prompt: Using your selected case study, complete the following critical elements for the assignment: A. Recommend an appropriate and effective leadership style that superiors at the organization could employ to address the problem and best fit the organization based on your previous analysis. Be sure to justify your response. B. Make recommendations to leadership for resolving the situation that balance the needs of the community, effectively addressing the problem, and what is ethically appropriate. How should leadership balance these three important elements in addressing the problem? C. Recommend strategies or actions that leadership could take to improve community relations and foster growth and trust between the community and the organization in response to the problem from the chosen scenario. Be sure to justify your response, and support your response with appropriate research from the field gathered in your previous review. D. Recommend strategies or actions that leadership could take to maintain and improve the culture of the organization in response to the ethical decisions of leadership regarding the problem from the chosen scenario. Be sure to justify your response, and support your response with appropriate research from the field gathered in your previous review. E. Make recommendations for the organization on how they could account for obstacles that might impede the organization in addressing the problem and implementing your recommendations. F. Explain how the organization could implement and uphold your recommendations. For example, should they enact new policies? Training? G. Explain how the organization would consider any budgetary constraints they might face both in addressing the problem and implementing any of your recommendations.Your problem analysis should be 2–3 pages in 12 point Times New Roman font, double-spaced, following appropriate APA
STRENGTHSFINDER 2.0 by Tom Rath (Hardcover)
ISBN: 978-1-59562-015-6
Strengths Finder 2.0 (20% of your final grade)
During the term you will read the book, complete the assessment, and write a final paper about your strengths.
This paper will allow you to examine your strengths and develop a plan for moving forward.
I. What Do You Do Best?
• Of all the things you do well, which two do you do best and why?
• Which activities do you seem to pick up quickly and why?
• Which activities bring you the greatest satisfaction and why?
II. STRENGTHSFINDER Results
• What are your top five Signature Themes as identified by the Clifton STRENGTHSFINDER? Which theme resonates with you the most and why?
• Based on your Signature Themes, what should a manager/supervisor know about working with you and why?
• Based on your Signature Themes, what should a co-worker know about working with you and why?
• How can a manager/supervisor help you with your strengths more within your current role and why?
III. Celebrating Successes
• What was your most significant accomplishment in the past 12 months?
• When do you feel the most pride about your work?
•  How do you like to be supported in your work?
IV. Applying Talents to the Role
• What things distract you from being positive, productive, or accurate?
• Which talents do you have that could benefit the team if you had better opportunities to use them?
• What steps could be taken to ensure you have an opportunity to apply your natural talents to your role?
• Submit a 5-page paper double spaced
• Include a cover page and a reference page (not to be included in the 5 pages of paper content)
• Use the questions and bullets above as the framework and outline of your paper.
• Please provide at least four (4) scholarly references to support your paper in addition to the STRENGTHSFINDER text.
• All references should be used as in-text citations.
• All work must be completed in APA format.
• You MUST submit your paper to the Smarthinking tool for review prior to submission.
 Psychology homework help
 
Gender dynamics manifest in families, schools, workplaces–anywhere that humans interact socially. As you explored throughout the course, theories to explain gender development and gender roles have grown in number, as has the body of research to explain the causes and effects of these gender dynamics.
Part of Walden University’s mission is to create scholar-practitioners committed to social change. There is tremendous potential for social change related gender-based issues, and will be as long as achievement gaps, discrimination, abuse, and inequalities persist throughout the world. This week you complete and submit your Final Project, which should be not just a literature review of a topic, but also contain proposals for how to foster positive social change related to the topic.
To prepare
· Be sure to incorporate any Instructor feedback that you received on the outline you submitted in Week 7 (if you have not done so already).
· Search the Walden Library and other reputable academic sources to locate literature related to the gender-related topic you selected.
Based on the outline you submitted in Week 7, write an 8- to 10-page paper (including title page and references) in which you do the following:
· Introduce and summarize key literature about your selected topic. Include in your summary how this topic relates to home, school, and/or work environments.
· Explain the challenges surrounding the topic. This may include challenges related to conducting research and/or how the gender topic you selected impacts individuals or society.
· Provide solutions or strategies to address the challenges related to the topic.
· Evaluate each of your proposed solutions and provide final recommendations that have opportunities for positive social change.
Previous work for assignment
The Impact of Toys on Gender Identity Development in Children
1. Introduction
I. Explanation of gender identity development
(a) Definition of key terms
i. Gender identity
ii. Child development
iii. Gender-specific toys
(b) Psychological theories about gender identity development
i. Kohlberg’s Theory
ii. Piaget’s Theory
II. Background Information
(a) Toy selection criteria in children
(b) Gender identity stereotyping by toy manufacturers
2. Related Research
I. Child development and sexual identity
(a) Physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.
(b) Onset of gender identity and sexual development
(c) The role of sex stereotype on children’s memory
II. Impact of Gender-specific toys on gender identity development
(a) The impact of toy characteristics on gender identity
(b) The impact of exposure to gender specific toys on the development of gender identity
3.  Psychological Intervention
I. The main challenge
a. The need for more study on the role of toys in influencing gender identity
b. Toy manufacturers’ exploitation of gender stereotypes.
c. Social impacts: the use of toys to teach certain behaviors to children.
II. Suggested solutions
a. More research into the impact of toys on child development
b. Provision of a wide range of toys for children to play with.
c. Advocacy for more neutral play environments
4. Conclusion
I. Assessment of recommended solutions
II. Final recommendations for provision of a range of child toys and neutral play environments.
The impact of toys on gender identity development in children
I choose this topic because it is the most familiar one in our lives and that at one point we had gone through the similar experience especially when it came to toys selection.
Toys are the major assets own by the children in our environment. We find that children like toys very much but careful when it comes to selection based on the child’s gender. Boys concentrate more on toys resembling engine powered machines like tracks, bikes, and trains while the girls focus more on care toys like for example dolls, utensils and general cleanliness (Todd, et al., 2018).
Toys impact the children psychology by creating this idea that they both should play with specific kinds of toys and grow up believing and exhibiting the same approach to other kids younger than them (Todd, Barry, & Thommessen, 2017). This trend and belief are so apparent that anyone just by looking at the toys in a given household can determine the child’s gender.
References
Todd, B. K., Barry, J. A., & Thommessen, S. A. (2017). Preferences for ‘Gender‐typed ‘Toys in Boys and Girls Aged 9 to 32 Months. Infant and Child Development, 26(3).
Todd, B. K., Fischer, R. A., Di Costa, S., Roestorf, A., Harbour, K., Hardiman, P., & Barry, J. A. (2018). Sex differences in children’s toy preferences: A systematic review, meta‐regression, and meta‐analysis. Infant and Child Development, 27(2), e2064.