In the Discussion for this week, you addressed one of the threats to the internal validity of a study, that is, confounding variables. This Application Assignment will challenge you to consider possible threats to external validity. Generalization is the extent to which relations among variables in research studies can be demonstrated among a wide variety of people and across different settings. When the results of a research study are generalizable to additional populations and settings, the study demonstrates external validity. However, if a research study is only valid for the particular sample used in the study, then it is not very helpful to the study of psychology.
In the example provided in the Discussion introduction, two online student groups used different study strategies. Now imagine a human resource (HR) manager at a corporation, struggling with the concept of reading comprehension among employees in the workplace setting, wanted to try the new study strategy that the online course instructor had researched. Assume that the online college course instructor had resolved possible issues relating to internal validity and found that the new study strategy was effective at improving reading comprehension. The HR manager presumes that the results of the study with online college students will generalize to her training course at work. However, the replication of the study revealed that, although the new strategy was found to work well for online students, the results did not generalize to the training course in the work setting. Therefore, the original study lacks external validity.
Replications of studies, such as the one in this example, are essential to demonstrate generalization and external validity. This week, you will learn about four types of replication procedures, and you will develop original examples of each procedure with the goal of demonstrating generalization and external validity.
To prepare:

  • Review Chapter 13 from the course text.
  • Stangor, C. (2015). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (5th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
  • The Assignment (1–2 pages):
  • Explain the four different types of replications and the purpose of each. Include for each type of replication a brief original psychological study example (i.e., make up your own) that is different for each type of replication (i.e., do not build on the same example). Plan to devote a short paragraph for each.
  • Briefly explain how replications relate to the concepts of generalization and external validity.

Note: Support the responses within your assignment with evidence from the assigned Learning Resources. Provide a reference list for resources you used for this Assignment.

Reflection and Discussion Forum
Reflect on the assigned readings for the week. Identify what you thought was the most important concept(s), method(s), the term(s), and/or any other thing that you felt was worthy of your understanding.
Also, provide a graduate-level response to each of the following questions:
1. California passes regulations that address pesticides.  These regulations are much stricter on the use and production of pesticides than the federal regulations.  Is this permissible under current law?  What if California’s regulations are much less strict than the federal regulations?
2. Deceitful Dad promises to take Sammy Son to the store to purchase a video game over the weekend.  Deceitful Dad has promised to do this multiple times, and never follows through.  Sammy Son has had enough and writes contact between Deceitful Dad and Sammy Son.  Both parties sign the agreement and it is notarized.  Deceitful Dad, despite the contract, fails to follow through once again.  Can Sammy Son seek damages under the contract?  Why or why not?  Would the result be different if Sammy Son paid Deceitful Dad $15.00 to take him to the store?
3. Discuss the required elements of a valid contract analyzing when an agreement rises to the level of a legally enforceable contract and when it does not.
[Your initial post should be at least 600+ words and in APA format (including Times New Roman with font size 12 and double spaced). Post the actual body of your paper in the discussion thread then attach a Word version of the paper for APA review]
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QUESTION

Nursing

The essential goal of the RN is to provide information and resources to assist the patient and family with chronic illnesses or disabilities so they can manage their own care over the course of the illness or disability.

Initial Discussion Post:

  1. Compare and contrast the terms “disability” and “chronic illness”. What are the similarities and/or differences? Can they coexist? Give reasoning behind your evaluation.
  2. Discuss two (2) legal and/or ethical challenges or implications for patients and families with disabilities or with chronic illnesses, trying to achieve comprehensive self-management.
  3. Identify and state two (2) actions the RN can implement to help the patient and family achieve comprehensive self-management with a disability or with a chronic illness.

Base your initial post on your readings and research of this topic. Your initial post must contain a minimum of 250 words. References, citations, and repeating the question do not count towards the 250 word minimum.

 Lubkin’s Chronic Illness Impact and Intervention by Pamela Larsen (Chapter 14, Self-Management) may be of assistance with this topic.  Click on link to access.

LeBlanc, R., & Jacelon, C. (2016). Self-management. In P. Larsen (Ed.),   Lubkin’s chronic illness: Impact and intervention (9th ed.). Retrieved from ovidsp.tx.ovid.com

Public heath epidemiology journal club style critique
ARTICLE:  Aberg, A. et al. (2010). Exposure assessment at a PCDD/F contaminated site in Sweden–field measurements of exposure media and blood serum analysis.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. 17(1):26-39. (IS ATTACHED) Answer questions below. Public heath epidemiology journal club style critique.
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Discussion of journal articles is important to the development of critical thinking and evaluation skills. You are provided with citations for two different articles to discuss with your colleagues, in a “journal club” style. A journal club typically refers to a group of individuals who meet to critically evaluate journal articles in their academic field. You will participate in a journal club style critique in this module’s Discussion. This type of evaluation is very useful to broaden your knowledge of the field and practice critical thinking skills. Your discussion must be relevant to the journal article and must provide a scholarly critique of the contents.
Answer these questions from Article
Exposure_assessment_at_a_PCDD
What do you think the public health significance of the research question in this study was? Is it mostly of local significance or is there a global impact? Explain. Does the study fill an important gap, in your opinion? Why or why not? Critique the methodology. Why do you think the authors chose this methodology and what would you have done differently? Explain. Interpret the results in your own words and then discuss with your colleagues whether you agree or disagree with the author’s interpretations and why. Public heath epidemiology journal club style critique

Nursing Homework Help
Question description
Discussion: Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old to your office with chief complaints of right ear pain, sneezing, mild cough, and low-grade fever of 100 degrees for the last 72 hours. Today, the child is alert, cooperative, and well hydrated. You note a mildly erythemic throat with no exudate, both ears mild pink tympanic membrane with good movement, lungs clear. You diagnose an acute upper respiratory infection, probably viral in nature. Mr. Smith is states that the family is planning a trip out of town starting tomorrow and would like an antibiotic just in case.
Create a communication plan for Mr. Smith and/or families for both prescriptive and non-prescriptive drug therapies. Describe what you would tell Mr. Smith and the child. Provide resources that Mr. Smith could access which would provide information concerning your decision.
Assignment Requirements:
*****This Assignment may be submitted in a PowerPoint presentation with at least 10 slides or as an APA formatted paper of no more than five (5) pages excluding title page and references.
Before finalizing your work, you should:

  • be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);
  • consult the Grading Rubric (under Course Resources) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and
  • utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors.
Please choose ONE of the Discussion Board questions to complete:
A large number of the inmates incarcerated in American’s jails and prisons are detained because of drug and alcohol related crimes. Most of these inmates receive little or no substance abuse treatment while incarcerated and after serving their sentences are released back into society expected to be “model citizens” to never use drugs again, to be great parents and hold stable jobs. Is this realistic and if not, what should be done?
OR
Evaluate the impact of the internet on your everyday life. Discuss how your life would change if the internet disappeared today. What would they miss the most? Why? Consider how life is different for individuals who live on the other side of the digital divide?

UR-531: NURSING INFORMATICS: CONCEPTS AND ISSUESFINAL PROJECT STUDENTS PLEASE NOT

UR-531: NURSING INFORMATICS: CONCEPTS AND ISSUESFinal ProjectStudents Please Note: This assignment must be submitted to turnitin.com.The Turnitin originality report MUST be submitted in PDF format. At the link below is a screenshot with instructions:Screenshot with PDF InstructionsAssignments submitted with turnitin reports in any other format will not be graded.Reference the “Turnitin Requirement” section of the course Syllabus (orUsing Turnitin for Assignments on the Topic List Page) for general instructions. Upload both your assignment and the originality report within the assignment link.OVERVIEWThe purpose of this assignment is to encourage you to develop information literacy skills, effectively use APA format in creating a formal paper, develop clear and concise writing skills, and increase your knowledge and understanding of nursing informatics and healthcare information technology concepts.FINAL PAPER TOPIC GUIDELINESChoose a topic from the course in which you have an interest. Apply theory and content from the course modules, informed by current literature and course materials. Some possible topics include the following:The Electronic Health Record (EHR)Note: The theoretical framework presented in Written Assignment 1 will serve as the underlying foundation for the paper. Here, you are todemonstrate how it may be applied to a specific nursing informatics issue.Using that topic and the theoretical framework or model, write a paper that must be between 3750 to 6000 words (15 to 20 pages) in narrative, not including the title and reference pages. This assignment is worth 25% of the final course grade.The paper should follow APA format and include the following sections:AbstractIntroductionBackgroundBodyImplications and conclusions with future directionsReferences (minimum 7 to 10)Please note that this is a high level guide, but you should refer to the grading rubric for a comprehensive description of the paper requirements.WRITING AND RESEARCH RESOURCESThe following links provide online writing and research aids to help you with your paper assignments.OWL (Online Writing Lab) at Purdue UniversityWriter’s Handbook, the Writing Center at the University of Wisconsin–MadisonAPA GuidelinesInformation Literacy for TESU Students (an online guide from the New Jersey State Library to assist you in starting your research, searching databases for articles, citing sources, using ILLiad to request books or articles, etc.)

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), asthma is a leading chronic illness in children ages 5 to 17, a leading cause of school absenteeism, and the third highest cause of hospitalizations in children younger than 15 (2011). The costs associated with treating this chronic illness are high.

A number of randomized control trials have examined the effect of instituting a home management program for treating asthma in combination with pharmaceuticals. These studies found that, by implementing a structured home management program, the morbidity, severity, and frequency of asthmatic episodes were reduced (Agrawl, Singh, Mathew, & Malhi, 2005). Recent research is also exploring how and when to cut back on levels of medication as asthma episodes become controlled, further reducing the cost of this chronic illness; however, controversy remains over the long-term effects of reducing levels of medication due to the disparateness of asthma (Rogers & Reiberman, 2012).

For this Discussion, you are asked to identify an example of an experimental study design in the popular literature and consider the ethical implications of the randomized control trial design.

To prepare:

  • Search the Internet and      credible websites to locate a news piece or article that features a      randomized trial study design. The article should be from a widely      distributed news source, accessible to and written for a lay audience.      Possible sources include, but are not limited to, online magazines, online      newspapers, and health news websites. Be sure to include a link to the      article in your posting. You may not select an article already posted by      one of your colleagues for this Discussion.
  • Critically analyze the      following aspects of the research study:
    • Purpose
    • Study population
    • Length of the trial
    • Data collection methods
    • Outcome measures
    • Results and conclusions
    • Ethical issues associated       with the study
  • Ask yourself: How did this      research study benefit from its randomized design? What was discovered by      randomization that might not otherwise have been demonstrated?

By tomorrow 03/20/2018 , write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3 scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings as numbered below”

Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:

1) Summarize the research study addressing the aspects bulleted above. In your posting, provide a link to the article you selected.

2) Identify and discuss the ethical issues associated with this study.

Required Readings

Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Chapter 8, “Experimental Study Designs”

This chapter examines experimental and quasi-experimental study designs.

Johnson, T. S. (2010). A brief review of pharmacotherapeutic treatment options in smoking cessation: Bupropion versus varenicline. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 22(10), 557–563.

The authors of this article explored treatment options for smoking cessation by examining the research literature, including looking at the results of randomized control trials. This article provides an example of how such a literature review can influence practice demonstrate the use and benefits of randomized control trial study designs.

Milligan, K., Niccols, A., Sword, W., Thabane, L., Henderson, J., Smith, A., & Liu, J. (2010). Maternal substance use and integrated treatment programs for women with substance abuse issues and their children: A meta-analysis. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention & Policy, 5, 21–34.

This article examines programs that integrate substance abuse treatment and pregnancy, parenting, or child services. The authors conclude that there is a need for funding of high-quality randomized control trial and improved reporting practices. This article also demonstrates the application of analytic research designs to explore a population health problem.

Talaat, M., Afifi, S., Dueger, E., El-Ashry, N., Marfin, A., Kandeel, A., Mohareb, E., & El-Sayed, N. (2011). Effects of hand hygiene campaigns on incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza and absenteeism in schoolchildren, Cairo, Egypt. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17(4), 619–625.

This research study used a randomized control trial to examine the association between hand washing and reducing influenza. As you review this article, notice how they structured the research study and how they measured the association between hand washing and absenteeism.

Physicians’ Health Study (2010). Retrieved from http://phs.bwh.harvard.edu

This large-scale, randomized clinical trial that began in 1982 was designed to test the effectiveness of aspirin and beta carotene in preventing heart attacks (myocardial infarctions, or MIs) in male physicians aged 40–84. The first phase of the trial, which included more than 22,000 study subjects, demonstrated that low-dose aspirin does, in fact, reduce the risk of a first MI by 44%. This article provides a good example of the types of large-scale studies conducted using epidemiologic principles that lead to improved population health.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012). Epidemiology and population health: Experimental studies [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 5 minutes.

In this program, the presenters discuss experimental studies, including the effect of randomization and blinding on study results.

Optional Resources

Groopman, J. (2006, December 18) Medical dispatch—The right to a trial: Should dying patients have access to experimental drugs? New Yorker, 82(42), 40–47.

Dorak, M. T. (2006). Epidemiologic study designs [PowerPoint presentation]. Retrieved from http://www.dorak.info/epi/design.ppt

Ibrahim, M., Alexander, L., Shy, C., & Farr, S. (2000). Randomized trials. ERIC Notebook, 10, 1–4. Retrieved from http://cphp.sph.unc.edu/trainingpackages/ERIC/eric_notebook_10.pdf

WEEK 4 Policy: Week four has your second class conference of the semester, focused on the nursing home industry. Please respond to the following questions in the class conference created for this purpose. 1. What roles do nursing homes play in providing rehabilitation and extended care for functionally disabled persons? 2. Under what circumstances is it appropriate to consider nursing home placement for an elderly parent or guardian? Is placement in assisted living or in home care always a superior choice? WEEK 5 Policy: Week five has your third class conference of the semester, focused on the hospice and palliative care. Please respond to the following questions in the class conference created for this purpose. 1. How does hospice and palliative care differ from the traditional medical model of health care delivery? What are the benefits to patients who elect these services in lieu of traditional medical care? 2. What the benefits of interdisciplinary team management of patient care as practiced in hospice and palliative care? Are there potential lessons learned for improving the quality of traditional medical care?

this course prepares the student to identify common symptoms for the diagnosis and management of common health issues. The criteria for diagnosis, including diagnostic studies, will be discussed. This course will place an emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, and health screenings across the lifespan, and providing culturally competent care.  Professional, ethical, and legal issues are addressed.

L.N. is a 49-year-old white woman with a history of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and migraine headaches. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 9 years ago when she presented with mild polyuria and polydipsia. L.N. is 5′4″ and has always been on the large side, with her weight fluctuating between 165 and 185 lb.  Initial treatment for her diabetes consisted of an oral sulfonylurea with the rapid addition of metformin. Her diabetes has been under fair control with a most recent hemoglobin A1c of 7.4%.  Hypertension was diagnosed 5 years ago when blood pressure (BP) measured in the office was noted to be consistently elevated in the range of 160/90 mmHg on three occasions. L.N. was initially treated with lisinopril, starting at 10 mg daily and increasing to 20 mg daily, yet her BP control has fluctuated.  One year ago, microalbuminuria was detected on an annual urine screen, with 1,943 mg/dl of microalbumin identified on a spot urine sample. L.N. comes into the office today for her usual follow-up visit for diabetes. Physical examination reveals an obese woman with a BP of 154/86 mmHg and a pulse of 78 bpm.   Questions  1.What are the effects of controlling BP in people with diabetes?   2.What is the target BP for patients with diabetes and hypertension?   3.Which antihypertensive agents are recommended for patients with diabetes?