WEEK 5 Assignment:
Week 5: Secondary Analysis of Archived Data
Consider the scenario from the Week 4 Introduction. Imagine once again that you are a public health professional attempting to gather data to help answer a research question. Is there a link between diabetes and vision problems within the Taos Pueblo population in New Mexico? You decide to mail a written survey to this target population. The survey includes questions on diet, exercise, health and vision problems, and other related variables. What might threaten the validity of these self-reported data? What other types of secondary archived data sets might be helpful to you and your organization in answering your research question? What might you need to consider in terms of the validity and integrity of these data sets?
This week, you examine possible threats to the validity and integrity of self-reported data, as well as the benefits and limitations of self-reported data. You explore strategies for overcoming the limitations of secondary data. In addition, you explore the process for conducting a secondary analysis of archived data (SAAD) based on evaluating identified data sets for validity and integrity.
SDA/SAAD involves manipulation of raw data to answer a unique research question (one not previously answered by the originators of the datafile, not just gleaning information from a report (which represents descriptive statistics) or a website or peer reviewed article. If you took these courses, you may revisit your notes and coursework on SDA/SAAD from these courses as a refresher and to assist you in completing the assignments on SDA/SAAD for this course.
Students will:
· Evaluate threats to validity of self-reported data
· Analyze benefits and limitations of secondary data
· Apply strategies to overcome limitations of secondary data
· Evaluate data sets for validity and integrity
· Analyze processes for determining data set integrity.
·
· In addition to collecting data through archived databases, researchers often employ qualitative or quantitative studies to collect information directly from individuals within a target population. This is called self-reported data, and it may be prospective or retrospective. It might seem that the individuals taking a survey about their own health would have the most valid data on the subject. But is this true? What aspects of self-reported data might threaten validity??
RESOURCES/REQUIRED READINGS:
1)Smith, A. K., Ayanian, J. Z., Covinsky, K. E., Landon, B. E., McCarthy, E. P., Wee, C. C., & Steinman, M. A. (2011). Conducting high-value secondary dataset analysis: An introductory guide and resources. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(8), 920–929.
HERE is the LINK to this Resource article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138974/
2) Look at the following links databases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). About the National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Accessing data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/index.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b). Public-use data files and documentation. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/ftp_data.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012c). Surveys and data collection systems. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/surveys.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013c). SMART: BRFSS city and county data and documentation. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/smart/smart_data.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014a). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014b). National Survey of Family Growth. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg.htm
Grady, D. G., Cummings, S. R., & Hulley, S. B. (2013). Designing Clinical Research (4th Edition). Wolters Kluwer. Retrieved July 25, 2015, from http://freecontent.lww.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Chapter-13-Research-Using-Existing-Data.pdf
Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. (n.d.). ICPSR: Find and analyze data. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/
Kornegay C, Segal JB. Selection of Data Sources. In: Velentgas P, Dreyer NA, Nourjah P, et al., editors. Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User’s Guide. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Jan. Chapter 8. Retrived from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK126195/
Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce. (n.d.). Health data tools and statistics. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://phpartners.org/health_stats.html#National%20Public%20Health%20Data%20Sets
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Administration. (n.d.). Substance abuse and mental health data archive. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/download
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion—NCCDPHP Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://healthfinder.gov/FindServices/Organizations/Organization.aspx?code=HR0069
Assignment: Final Project: Stage II—Secondary Analysis of Archived Data (SAAD)
Data sets often are compiled for the purposes of original research or recordkeeping. Researchers, such as those in the field of public health, may choose to do their own original research. This prospective research might be quantitative or qualitative. It might take the form of self-reported surveys or many other types of research.
However, not all researchers have the time or the budget to conduct their own thorough research. Instead, they might have to use preexisting data. However, not all databases are collected for research purposes. The data may have been collected for recordkeeping. Either way, researchers might find such databases germane to their own research and research questions. This fresh analysis of existing data in order to answer a research question is considered secondary analysis of archived data (SAAD). A SAAD is a retrospective study and is usually quantitative; however, there is a trend to conduct SAADs with qualitative archived data.
Three essential questions about the database relating to study feasibility must be answered before proposing or initiating a SAAD:
1. Will I have access to the data to conduct the analysis? (Some databases are in the public domain, whereas others are privately owned and require that permission be obtained from the owner to use.)
2. Does the database include the variables of interest for my study? (Are the variables that I want to explore or analyze actually included in the data set?)
3. Can the validity and integrity of the data be verified?
For this week’s Assignment, from the Learning Resources or your own research, identify local and national health-related data sources related to your Final Project. You may use data that are maintained and collected by a community based organization but that have not been analyzed. You may use any available data set to which you have access. You are also free to use any statistical software with which you are familiar.
Submit a 2- to 3-page paper in which you:
· Explain how the data set relates to your Final Project.
· Evaluate the data set for validity and integrity. Explain whether the data are valid and reliable and justify your response.
· Explain possible strategies for overcoming the limitations of the secondary data.
· Explain the process for selecting a data set and determining its integrity. Provide a rationale for your answer.
Support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style and ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
Here is MY CHOSEN TOPIC (Obesity In ADULTS rural West Virginia) and I attached My Annotated Bibliography I have already done on the topic last week.
As you can see below I chose BRFSS, as my dataset for Obesity and you must address all the Assignment Instrcuct. onObesity in ADULTS and BRFSS dataset; therefore you must address these points ON MY OBESITY in ADULTS rural WV and on BRFSS dataset:
Submit a 2- to 3-page paper in which you:
· Explain how the data set relates to your Final Project (See above for my TOPIC and DATASET)
· Evaluate the data set for validity and integrity. Explain whether the data are valid and reliable and justify your response.
· Explain possible strategies for overcoming the limitations of the secondary data.
· Explain the process for selecting a data set and determining its integrity. Provide a rationale for your answer.
I want you to design the Assignment in this way: YOU copy paste each title point REQUESTED ABOVE in the Assignment and you address it under the title in few paragraphs; example:
Explain how the data set relates to your Final Project—.>You address this under this title in 1-2 paragraphs
Evaluate the data set for validity and integrity. Explain whether the data are valid and reliable and justify your response.—.> You address this under this title in few paragraphs
Explain possible strategies for overcoming the limitations of the secondary data– You address this under this title in few paragraphs
Explain the process for selecting a data set and determining its integrity. Provide a rationale for your answer– You address this under this title in few paragraphs
Describe the group of people about whom you are writing and the potential bias you think you might have towards them. Specifically describe some of the biases that you hold. What are your beliefs about this particular group of people? 3pts
Nursing Essay HelpDiscussion: Diagnosis And Management Of Genitourinary Disorders
UncategorizedMany genitourinary (GU) disorders such as kidney disease begin developing during childhood and adolescence (Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, 2010). This early onset of disease makes it essential for you, as the advanced practice nurse caring for pediatric patients, to identify potential signs and symptoms. Although some pediatric GU disorders require long-term treatment and management, other disorders such as bedwetting or urinary tract infections are more common and frequently require only minor interventions. In your role with pediatric patients, you must evaluate symptoms and determine whether to treat patients or refer them for specialized care. For this Discussion, consider potential diagnoses, treatment, and/or referral options for the patients in the following three case studies.
Case Study 1
You see a 3-year-old with a 2-day history of complaints of dysuria with frequent episodes of enuresis despite potty training about 7 months ago. She is afebrile and denies vomiting. Physical examination is normal. Dipstick voided urine analysis reveals: specific gravity 1.015, Protein 1+ non-hemolyzed blood, 1+ nitrites, 1+ leukocytes, and glucose-negative.
Case Study 2
Mark is a 15-year-old with complaint of acute left scrotal pain with nausea. The pain began approximately 6 hours ago as a dull ache and has gradually worsened to where he can no longer stand without doubling over. He is afebrile and in marked pain. Physical exam is negative except for elevation of the left testicle, diffuse scrotal edema, and the presence of a blue dot sign.
Case Study 3
Maya is a 5-year-old who presents for a well-child visit. She is a healthy child with no complaints. Physical examination is normal. Routine urinalysis indicates 2+ proteinuria; specific gravity 1.020; negative for glucose, blood, leukocytes, and nitrites. Her blood pressure is normal, and she is at the 60th percentile for height and weight.
To prepare:
By Day 3
Post an explanation of the differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study you selected. Explain which is the most likely diagnosis for the patient and why. Include an explanation of unique characteristics of the disorder you identified as the primary diagnosis. Then, explain a treatment and management plan for the patient, including appropriate dosages for any recommended treatments. Finally, explain strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of the genitourinary disorder.
Write a 2– to 3–page paper, not including the cover and Reference page, describing:
Uncategorizednursing leadership
To Complete
Write a 2– to 3–page paper, not including the cover and Reference page, describing:
Explain possible strategies for overcoming the limitations of the secondary data
Nursing HomeworksASSIGNMENT on a PUBLIC HEALTH Research Proposal
Week 5: Secondary Analysis of Archived Data
Consider the scenario from the Week 4 Introduction. Imagine once again that you are a public health professional attempting to gather data to help answer a research question. Is there a link between diabetes and vision problems within the Taos Pueblo population in New Mexico? You decide to mail a written survey to this target population. The survey includes questions on diet, exercise, health and vision problems, and other related variables. What might threaten the validity of these self-reported data? What other types of secondary archived data sets might be helpful to you and your organization in answering your research question? What might you need to consider in terms of the validity and integrity of these data sets?
This week, you examine possible threats to the validity and integrity of self-reported data, as well as the benefits and limitations of self-reported data. You explore strategies for overcoming the limitations of secondary data. In addition, you explore the process for conducting a secondary analysis of archived data (SAAD) based on evaluating identified data sets for validity and integrity.
SDA/SAAD involves manipulation of raw data to answer a unique research question (one not previously answered by the originators of the datafile, not just gleaning information from a report (which represents descriptive statistics) or a website or peer reviewed article. If you took these courses, you may revisit your notes and coursework on SDA/SAAD from these courses as a refresher and to assist you in completing the assignments on SDA/SAAD for this course.
Students will:
· Evaluate threats to validity of self-reported data
· Analyze benefits and limitations of secondary data
· Apply strategies to overcome limitations of secondary data
· Evaluate data sets for validity and integrity
· Analyze processes for determining data set integrity.
·
· In addition to collecting data through archived databases, researchers often employ qualitative or quantitative studies to collect information directly from individuals within a target population. This is called self-reported data, and it may be prospective or retrospective. It might seem that the individuals taking a survey about their own health would have the most valid data on the subject. But is this true? What aspects of self-reported data might threaten validity??
RESOURCES/REQUIRED READINGS:
1)Smith, A. K., Ayanian, J. Z., Covinsky, K. E., Landon, B. E., McCarthy, E. P., Wee, C. C., & Steinman, M. A. (2011). Conducting high-value secondary dataset analysis: An introductory guide and resources. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(8), 920–929.
HERE is the LINK to this Resource article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138974/
2) Look at the following links databases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). About the National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Accessing data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/index.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b). Public-use data files and documentation. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/ftp_data.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012c). Surveys and data collection systems. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/surveys.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013c). SMART: BRFSS city and county data and documentation. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/smart/smart_data.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014a). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014b). National Survey of Family Growth. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg.htm
Grady, D. G., Cummings, S. R., & Hulley, S. B. (2013). Designing Clinical Research (4th Edition). Wolters Kluwer. Retrieved July 25, 2015, from http://freecontent.lww.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Chapter-13-Research-Using-Existing-Data.pdf
Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. (n.d.). ICPSR: Find and analyze data. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/
Kornegay C, Segal JB. Selection of Data Sources. In: Velentgas P, Dreyer NA, Nourjah P, et al., editors. Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User’s Guide. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Jan. Chapter 8. Retrived from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK126195/
Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce. (n.d.). Health data tools and statistics. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://phpartners.org/health_stats.html#National%20Public%20Health%20Data%20Sets
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Administration. (n.d.). Substance abuse and mental health data archive. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/download
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion—NCCDPHP Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://healthfinder.gov/FindServices/Organizations/Organization.aspx?code=HR0069
Assignment: Final Project: Stage II—Secondary Analysis of Archived Data (SAAD)
Data sets often are compiled for the purposes of original research or recordkeeping. Researchers, such as those in the field of public health, may choose to do their own original research. This prospective research might be quantitative or qualitative. It might take the form of self-reported surveys or many other types of research.
However, not all researchers have the time or the budget to conduct their own thorough research. Instead, they might have to use preexisting data. However, not all databases are collected for research purposes. The data may have been collected for recordkeeping. Either way, researchers might find such databases germane to their own research and research questions. This fresh analysis of existing data in order to answer a research question is considered secondary analysis of archived data (SAAD). A SAAD is a retrospective study and is usually quantitative; however, there is a trend to conduct SAADs with qualitative archived data.
Three essential questions about the database relating to study feasibility must be answered before proposing or initiating a SAAD:
1. Will I have access to the data to conduct the analysis? (Some databases are in the public domain, whereas others are privately owned and require that permission be obtained from the owner to use.)
2. Does the database include the variables of interest for my study? (Are the variables that I want to explore or analyze actually included in the data set?)
3. Can the validity and integrity of the data be verified?
For this week’s Assignment, from the Learning Resources or your own research, identify local and national health-related data sources related to your Final Project. You may use data that are maintained and collected by a community based organization but that have not been analyzed. You may use any available data set to which you have access. You are also free to use any statistical software with which you are familiar.
Submit a 2- to 3-page paper in which you:
· Explain how the data set relates to your Final Project.
· Evaluate the data set for validity and integrity. Explain whether the data are valid and reliable and justify your response.
· Explain possible strategies for overcoming the limitations of the secondary data.
· Explain the process for selecting a data set and determining its integrity. Provide a rationale for your answer.
Support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style and ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
Here is MY CHOSEN TOPIC (Obesity In ADULTS rural West Virginia) and I attached My Annotated Bibliography I have already done on the topic last week.
As you can see below I chose BRFSS, as my dataset for Obesity and you must address all the Assignment Instrcuct. onObesity in ADULTS and BRFSS dataset; therefore you must address these points ON MY OBESITY in ADULTS rural WV and on BRFSS dataset:
Submit a 2- to 3-page paper in which you:
· Explain how the data set relates to your Final Project (See above for my TOPIC and DATASET)
· Evaluate the data set for validity and integrity. Explain whether the data are valid and reliable and justify your response.
· Explain possible strategies for overcoming the limitations of the secondary data.
· Explain the process for selecting a data set and determining its integrity. Provide a rationale for your answer.
I want you to design the Assignment in this way: YOU copy paste each title point REQUESTED ABOVE in the Assignment and you address it under the title in few paragraphs; example:
Explain how the data set relates to your Final Project—.>You address this under this title in 1-2 paragraphs
Evaluate the data set for validity and integrity. Explain whether the data are valid and reliable and justify your response.—.> You address this under this title in few paragraphs
Explain possible strategies for overcoming the limitations of the secondary data– You address this under this title in few paragraphs
Explain the process for selecting a data set and determining its integrity. Provide a rationale for your answer– You address this under this title in few paragraphs
Based on your knowledge of the Health Promotion Model, make a chart and/or diagram that outlines all components of the theory and how the theory can be applied to this case study to formulate a plan of care for this patient
UncategorizedNursing Theory / Case Study
You as the advanced practice nurse are working in a community health center. Your next patient is Mrs. Richards, a 39 year-old Caucasian female, presenting to the clinic with a history of Hypothyroidism, Depression, and recent history of Substance Abuse (Heroine Use). During the initial interview, it is revealed that her husband and two children were killed in a traffic accident 8 months ago and she reports using illicit drugs since their death.
Based on your knowledge of the Health Promotion Model, make a chart and/or diagram that outlines all components of the theory and how the theory can be applied to this case study to formulate a plan of care for this patient. Also, list one scholarly, practice-based resource (article and/or clinical guideline) that supports the application of the Health Promotion Model in clinical practice.
>Information Systems homework help
UncategorizedUsing the organization you chose in Week 2, write a one-page paper describing the organization’s Cloud Computing implementation and the benefits they realized from the implementation. What was the result of implementing Cloud Computing? Did they meet their objectives for fall short?
This paper should be written in third-person. The third-person point of view belongs to the person (or people) being talked about. The third-person pronouns include he, him, his, himself, she, her, hers, herself, it, its, itself, they, them, their, theirs, and themselves (Not I, we, us, our).
The paper must adhere to APA guidelines including Title and Reference pages. The Title and Reference pages do not count towards the page count requirement. There should be at least one scholarly source listed on the reference page. Each reference cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and each entry in the reference list must be cited in text. APA requirements for this class include:
A title page
12-point Time New Roman font
Your paper should be typed and double-spaced with 1″ margins on all sides
The first sentence of each paragraph should be indented one tab space
All papers should contain the page number, flush right, in the header of every page. Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word-processing program to insert page numbers in the top right corner; do not type page numbers manually.
APA 7th edition in-text citations
Reference page
‘ understanding?
Nursing HomeworksUnit 8 Discussion 1? $15.00 Due (Monday) 8/24/2018.
Unit 8 Discussion 1
[u08d1] Unit 8 Discussion 1
Group Experience
Analyze what you discovered about yourself while observing a counseling or support group. Please focus on the following when developing your response:
· Evaluation of group processes: Identify the type of group. To what extent were you able to assess group organization, and goals.
· Application of ethics: Was confidentiality amply discussed or reiterated at the onset of the group meeting, and to what extent did the facilitator gauge the members’ understanding? Was the setting appropriate to facilitate confidentiality?
· Effective group leadership: Assess the facilitator’s style and application of group management techniques. How does this compare to your increased knowledge of clinical processes associated with group therapy? If there was a co-leader, describe your observation of roles and cohesiveness.
· Personal reflection: Using anonymous examples, describe how insight of this process might influence your theoretical perspective, facilitation style, and appreciation of group work. How does this compare to points raised in the 2016 article by Weiss and Rutan.
Resources
· Discussion Participation Scoring Guide.
· The Benefits of Group Therapy Observation for Therapists-in-Training.
Readings
Use the Capella Library to read the following:
· Weiss, A. C., & Rutan, J. S. (2016). The benefits of group therapy observation for therapists-in-training [PDF]. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 66(2), 246–260. 10.1080/00207284.2015.1111083
Collaboration among health care professionals is the key to positive patient outcomes. Each member of the health care team has been trained with specific knowledge and skills which allow them to do what they do best.
UncategorizedCollaboration among health care professionals is the key to positive patient outcomes. Each member of the health care team has been trained with specific knowledge and skills which allow them to do what they do best. Working together as a team brings specific strengths of each discipline to focus on the care of the patient and supplements any weaknesses of other teammates. Effective interdisciplinary relationships decrease costs and improve patient satisfaction while improving overall health care worker satisfaction.Research different health care interdisciplinary relationships (such as radiology working with the emergency room or working in a pharmaceutical company) that the marketing department needs to collaborate with the development department.Write a 1 400- to 1 750-word paper that summarizes your findings.Include ways to avoid and resolve conflict how to work as a team and collaborate with other departments and ways to make the process better. You may also include a personal experience with an interdisciplinary relationship and describe if it worked well or if there was a breakdown.Describe how interdisciplinary relationships affect your organization and the patients and families that use your health care organization.Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.
Diagnostic
UncategorizedDevelop and Concept Map, using the form provided, on the following patient. Include Diagnostic data and medical orders that you expect to be ordered on the patient.
T.J., a 30-year-old African American client, is in his last year of law school and is clerking for a prestigious law firm. He and his fiancé plan to marry as soon as he graduates. During the last week he has had four dizzy spells and a headache at the base of his skull upon awakening for the last 2 days. His father has a history of hypertension, so T.J. is aware that his symptoms may indicate high blood pressure. On his way home from work, T.J. stops by the clinic and asks the nurse to check his blood pressure. The nursing assessment yields the following data.
Subjective data: States he has had four dizzy spells and has awakened with a headache in the occipital lobe the last two mornings. T.J. has 1 glass of wine at lunch and 2-3 beers in the evening to relax from the tension of school and work. Most of his meals are at fast-food establishments and have a high fat content. T.J. does not smoke. He used to jog 4 mornings a week but quit when he started clerking. He has had nocturia for the last 3 weeks. He is not taking any medication. T.J. states he is concerned about having hypertension because he does not want to take medication.
Objective data: T 98.6°F(37°C), AP 78 beats/min, R 16 breaths/min, BP 142/92 mm Hg, Wt 190 lbs (optimum weight 160). No edema noted in hands, feet, or legs.
Compare the role of cohesins in mitosis, meiosis I and meiosis II
Nursing HomeworksBIOL 4 Homework #2 Name ________________________
Short Answer
1. If a competitive inhibitor (NOT an allosteric inhibitor) is added to a solution containing an enzyme that is regulated allosterically, the ratio of enzyme molecules in the active form to those in the inactive form increases. Explain why this might happen.
2. If water labeled with 18O is added to a suspension of phosynthesizing chloroplasts, which of the following compounds would first become labeled with 18O: ATP, NADPH, O2, or G3P? Which compound would first become labeled if the water were labeled with 3H? What if CO2 labeled with 14C were added?
3. You eat a burger containing polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Considering biochemical pathways, explain how the amino acids in the proteins and the glucose in the polysaccharides can end up as fats.
4. Compare the role of cohesins in mitosis, meiosis I and meiosis II.
5. If the dominant allele A is necessary for hearing in humans and another allele, B (located on a different chromosome), results in deafness no matter what other genes are present, what percentage of the offspring of the crossing of aaBb x Aabb will be deaf?
6. In cats, black coat (B) is codominant with orange (O). The coat color gene is sex-linked and only found on the X chromosome. Calico cats, which have coats with black and orange patches, are heterozygous for the coat color alleles.
a) Why are nearly all calico cats females?
b) A calico female has the following litter: 1 orange male, 2 black males, 2 orange females and 3 calico females. Assuming only one father, identify his genotype and phenotype.
7. The disease Leber’s optic neuropathy is caused by a mutation in a gene carried on mitochondrial DNA. What would be the phenotype of a child of a man with this disease and a woman who did not have the disease? What if the woman had the disease and the man did not?
Multiple Choice
1. Coenzymes differ from enzymes in that coenzymes are:
a. only active outside the cell b. smaller molecules, such as vitamins
c. specific for one reaction d. always carriers of high-energy phosphate
2. In a chemical reaction,
a. the rate depends on the G value b. the rate depends on the EA
c. the entropy change depends on EA d. the EA depends on the G value
3. Which statement about enzyme inhibitors is NOT true?
a. a competitive inhibitor binds the active site of the enzyme
b. an allosteric inhibitor binds a site on the active form of the enzyme
c. a noncompetitive inhibitor binds a site other than the active site
d. allosteric inhibitors are typically irreversible
4. In noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport, water is used to:
a. excite chlorophyll b. hydrolyze ATP
c. oxidize NADPH d. reduce chlorophyll
5. Which statement about chlorophylls is NOT true?
a. they absorbs light near both ends of the visible spectrum
b. they can accept energy from other pigments, such as carotenoids
c. excited chlorophyll can either reduce another substance or release light energy
d. excited chlorophyll cannot be an oxidizing agent
6. Photosynthesis in green plants occurs only during the day. Respiration occurs:
a. only at night b. only during the day
c. all the time d. in the chloroplast after photosynthesis
7. The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to:
a. catalyze reactions in glycolysis b. produce CO2
c. form ATP d. accept electrons from the ETC
8. Oxidation and reduction:
a. refer to the gain or loss of proteins b. are defined as the loss of electrons
c. are both endergonic reactions d. always occur together
9. Which statement about pyruvate is NOT true?
a. it is the end product of glycolysis b. it is oxidized during fermentation
c. it is a precursor of acetyl CoA d. it contains 3 carbon atoms
10. Fermentation:
a. takes place in the mitochondrion b. takes place in all animal cells
c. does not require O2 d. prevents glycolysis
11. Which statement about eukaryotic chromosomes is NOT true?
a. they sometimes consist of 2 chromatids b. they sometimes consist of 1 chromatid
c. they normally have a single centromere d. they consist only of protein
12. Which statement about cytokinesis is true?
a. in animals, a cell plate forms b. in plants, a cleavage furrow forms
c. it follows mitosis d. it involves the division of the nucleus
13. In meiosis:
a. homologous chromosomes separate from each other during anaphase I
b. DNA replicates between meiosis I and meiosis II
c. the chromatids that make up a chromosome in meiosis II are identical
d. meiosis II reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid
14. An animal has a diploid number of 12 (2n=12). An egg cell from this animal has 5 chromosomes. The most likely explanation for this is:
a. normal meiosis b. nondisjunction in meiosis I
c. normal mitosis c. nondisjunction in mitosis
15. The number of daughter chromosomes in a human cell (2n=46) in anaphase II is:
a. 2 b. 23
c. 46 d. 69
16. The phenotype of an individual:
a. depends at least in part on the genotype b. is either homozygous or heterozygous
c. determines the genotype d. is either monohybrid or dihybrid
17. Linked genes:
a. must be immediately adjacent to one another on a chromosome
b. have alleles that assort independently of each other
c. never show crossing over
d. are on the same chromosome
18. In epistasis:
a. one gene alters the effect of another b. a portion of the chromosome is deleted
c. a portion of the chromosome is inverted d. the behavior of 2 genes is independent
19. In humans, spotted teeth are caused by a dominant sex-linked gene. A man with spotted teeth whose father had normal teeth marries a woman with normal teeth. Therefore:
a. all of their daughters will have normal teeth
b. all of their daughters will have spotted teeth
c. all of their children will have spotted teeth
d. half of their sons will have spotted teeth