PSY 6501: Psychology of Personality

PSY 6501: Psychology of Personality
Week 1 – Discussion 1 – Theories of Personality
Dr. Shoemaker
August 9, 2018
The reading this week from Lecci & Magnavita stresses the importance of and perspectives of several theories.  The one I chose that appeals to me was the trait theory. Utilizing the journal article written by Scott Clifford will support the reason why this particular trait resonates with me.  In this discussion, I’ll share the why the Trait theory has validity.  Additionally, the real world example will be shared to support the selected theory.
Allport’s, (1968), “Traits are specific features of personality such as persistence, integrity, and honesty, which accounts for variation in personality” (Lecci & Magnavita, 2013, sec. 1.3).  I believe that having integrity is the cornerstone of the personality and true character of an individual.  It’s about being true to self and others.  Life proceeds smoother, with less complication and you are accepted by your peers and an appreciation of self is developed as well.  Every person goes through and handles situations differently.  For example, I value people, because we are all created with our uniqueness and should be accepted as being ourselves.  People are often trying to make themselves, look larger or more important than another.  All that is unnecessary I always remember today for you, tomorrow is for me.  When it’s my time, it’s my time. When it’s yours, I’ll celebrate with you.  It is important that personality is viewed as a theoretical construct, which is invoked to help us understand each of our differences.(Lecci & Magnavita, 2013, sec. 1.2)
The real – world example to support one of the trait theories will be the kindness expressed to others.  Kindness can be infectious.  I have so many stories, but I’ll share the most recent.  Last week we had a trip to Wal-Mart with the students, the parents normally send money to purchase things when the students go on trips.  However, I hadn’t enough cash to cover my things and the students because she was short, I put back an item since I didn’t want to have her a behavior in the store.  The person behind me asked how much it was and paid for it.  I said not you don’t have to do that. He responded and said neither do you, but you’ve shown such kindness and respect towards this young lady I had to do something as well.   Why can’t we celebrate each other for just being their self?  When one hurts, we ought to be empathic and sympathize with the person, not be mean-spirited and rejoice when they are down.
Additionally, psychometric is an essential part of the study of personality, according to Lecci & Magnavita, (2013). Based on the material or information that is being assessed and scored will either yield validity, when all criterion has been fulfilled.  According to the article, Judge & Zapata, (2015), “low validity of personality traits and the lack of situational theoretical
frameworks are developing and testing an interactionist framework of personality–performance
Relationships, in which the model focuses on both general (representing situation strength) and specific (representing trait activation) moderating situational influences” (p.1149).  The situation strength reflects the degree to which constraints of those situations are present in the environment and are said to be strong when the rules, structures, and cues provide clear guidance as to the expected behavior. (Judge & Zapata, 2015, p. 1150) Whereas, weak situations occurs when the environment of social roles are unstructured. (Judge & Zapata, 2015, p. 1150)
Reference
Lecci, L.B. & Magnavita, J.J. (2013). Personality Theories: A Scientific Approach. San Diego:
Bridgepoint Education, Inc. ISBN: 9781621781110
Judge, T.A., & Zapata, C. P, (2015). The Person-Situation Debate Revisited: Effect of Situation
Strength and Trait Activation on the Validity of the Big Five Personality Traits in predicting Job Performance.  Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1149-1179. Doi:
10.5465/amj.2010.0837
———————————————————————————————–(Classmate #-2)  K. P.
 
The study of personality is a complex and fascinating aspect of psychology. The book states “personality can be defined as patterns of behavior, emotional experience, cognition that is typical in an individual, evidencing in some degree of stability across situations.” (Lecci & Magnavita, p. 51, 2013). One perspective regarding personality is the behavioral perspective, which focuses on how learning impacts personality (Lecci & Magnavita, 2013). Everyone reacts to certain stimuli differently. This theory focuses on questions such as “Was a negative behavior reinforced?” “Can aversive behavior be reconditioned to become more socially acceptable?” (Lecci & Magnavita, 2013).
I have personal experience with conditioning or reinforcing behaviors from my time working as a Behavior Interventionist with special needs children. While working in these fields I can across numerous negative behaviors that I had to work to try and remove by conditioning positive behavior. Often it was actually the parents who needed some behavior intervention. The parents would reinforce negative behaviors, which would condition the children that the negative behaviors were okay. One study analyzed the impact of a parent’s behavior on children behaviors and discovered that parents can condition their children in a positive or negative way (Milner, Wagner & Crouch, 2017). To answer the question listed above, yes behavior can be reconditioned to become more socially acceptable. It can be very challenging to recondition or avoid reinforcing negative behaviors but it is crucial in order to see healthy development of personality. In my previous job, I would spend weeks and even months working with some families to try and condition new healthy behavior.
Lecci, L.B. & Magnavita, J.J. (2013). Personality Theories: A Scientific Approach. San Diego: Bridgepoint
Education, Inc.
Milner, J., Wagner, M., Crouch, J. Reducing Child-Related Negative Attitudes,
Attributions of Hostile Intent, Anger, Harsh Parenting Behaviors, and
Punishment Through Evaluative Conditioning. Cognitive Therapy & Research.
Feb2017, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p43-61.

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Strategies for Empowerment

Strategies for Empowerment

  1. Respond to the prompts below in full sentences.  Be sure to use standard English grammar and spelling:
  • -List strategies for a specified population that would promote empowerment in your own community.
  • -Identify your role as the community health nurse in these strategies.

This assignment is for my community health nursing course. Please reply a 1 page paper about 250-300 words, double spaced, APA format with 1 reference.

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Operations Management homework help

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
COURSEWORK 2 – CASE STUDY (Individual) 10%
UNITS 2, 5, 9, 10
DUE DATE: Tuesday November 17th, 2020
 
Instructions: Answer ALL questions in this section.
 
It has been established, based on newspaper reports, that a boss who works hard at giving job satisfaction to their staff benefit from better business performance. The reports also found that about 94% of workers in the firms surveyed with ‘Investors in People’ (IiP) standard liked their jobs and only 37% of the staff in other companies said the same. They also found that 9 out of 10 workers in the companies awarded the IiP standard said they felt valued and 2/3 said they had better promotion prospects leading to higher pay and perks. On the other hand less than half (45%) of those working in firms without the IiP accreditation said this.
 
The CEO of IiP is reported as saying that bosses are seeing the benefits in terms of higher profitability, productivity and reduced costs. The IiP is a government-backed project that is aimed at bringing about a skills revolution in the British industry by urging employers to take investment in people as seriously as they would take investment in plant and equipment.
 
The report showed that up to 33,000 UK companies representing approximately 1/3 of the country’s employers, employing over 7.5 billion people, have adopted that ‘Investors in People” standard. Some of these companies had the following individual success stories:
 
a) According to an Information Technology company A, profits were boosted by 40% over four years since gaining the award
b) One engineering company B reported that productivity quadrupled
c) A manufacturing company C managed to cut $2 million off its production costs following team-working improvements
d) Another company D replaced its performance related pay scheme with IiP instead and felt that it would motivate its staff better.
 
If the results are so good, it is amazing why the other 2/3 of the employers is not on this scheme. The CEO said that they should not worry about the costs, this scheme is not about spending more on training, it is all about making sure a company’s training fits its business needs.
One HR Director agrees and commented that it is more than just a plaque on the wall. IiP has helped to put a framework in place for motivating staff in that company in line with business goals.
No wonder the Jamaican government is planning to make $20 million available for training primary and high school Principals in the techniques of staff appraisal. This will be the first step towards introducing performance related pay for teachers by the year 2017. The main changes will be:
 
i. from September 2015 all teachers to be appraised each year by senior staff
ii. entitlement to pay increases will depend on meeting targets for improving students’ results
iii. government has set aside $1 billion for performance-related pay over the first two years
iv. the decisions of the appraisers will be monitored to avoid favouritism
 
The unions representing teachers are not in favour of the performance-related pay but the Education Minister and the Prime Minister said there can be no higher salaries without a test of performance. They both claim that if it were to be paid then this would have to be justified to the whole public. (Adapted from the Guardian 1999)
QUESTIONS:
 
Company D is of the opinion that IiP would motivate its staff better.
 
a. Outline the four (4) basic characteristics of motivation and why IiP proved to be motivating.
(5 marks)
 
b. Explain how McClelland’s Theory would prove beneficial to motivating staff. (5 marks)
c. Why do you think that motivation and other strategies such as IiP would not translate across the Jamaican culture as that of the UK’s? (6 marks)
 
d. Why do you think the other 2/3 employers did not participate in the IiP scheme?
 
(9 marks)
(Total 25 marks)

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>& Finance homework help

  • Read chapters 7 & 8
  • Research current events depicting intellectual property violations. Find an event or a case that can answer all of the following questions under #3.
  • Initial Post
    • Provide the name of your source – Only use trusted sources – Do not use Wikipedia, answers.com, Huffington posts, Washington posts, or other similar sites – if you use a website, and it displays too many adds, it is most likely not a trusted source
    • Provide an overview of the issue at hand
    • Summarize how the violation was handled
    • Share applicable financial information (for example: Company Y lost $X in sales) – If your case doesn’t have this information, find another case.
    • Analyze the legal ramifications of the situation and discuss concepts from the class that relate to the violation.
    • Support your response with at least one credible reference.
      • Note: Citations may be in text to accompany the audio submission.
    • Don’t forget to cite correctly, -2 points for incorrect citation
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>Management homework help

Go through the below content and write a minimum of 200-word content as a reply.  
Differences in Customer Taste and Preferences
Consumer preferences are defined as the individual tastes of the different goods’ different bundles as measured by the utility. They require such packages of products to be rated by the customer according to the degree of usefulness they have. The preferences are income- and price-independent. The opportunity to purchase products does not decide the desire or hate of a customer. One may choose Porsches to Ford but have just the financial resources to operate a Ford. The advantages of understanding the taste of the customer and building a better understanding of the tastes and incomes of individuals are significant because they have a significant impact on the demand curve, the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded over a given period and the shape of the economy as a whole (Hill &Hult, 2020). There are various difficulties in creating a realistic solution for that case. As behavioral economics demonstrates, people are not necessarily logical and sometimes oblivious to the available choices for starters. Some decisions are incredibly difficult to make, as consumers do not know the products. The decision-making mechanism may also contain an emotional dimension that cannot be captured in an economic role. The various claims made by market philosophy indicate it has come under intense scrutiny. Although the conclusions may be right in an ideal future, there are, in fact, multiple variables that may reveal the mechanism of simplifying spending patterns as faulty (Hill &Hult, 2020).
Mass customization is often done through modularity and standardization for more complex products. With modular product design, several main modules and a selection of varieties are supplied for each model so consumers can mix and match and create their goods. A prime example of this pattern is the Dell machine. Some of the leading automakers are also pursuing this strategy (Moutoussis, 2016). Carmakers such as Volkswagen, Ford, General Motors, Nissan, Honda, and Peugeot, regarded as the 3DayCar initiative, set out to see how the Dell concept could be adapted to car-making. The output is split down into subprocesses using a flexible process to ensure versatility. As the analysis of product modularity and assembly adds additional uncertainty to the issue, we concentrate on the one-dimensional customization found in many industries to equate the mass customization method with the mass production framework. If the various attributes are independent in demand and production, a multidimensional problem can be decomposed into multiple one-dimensional problems. Active readers may respond to multidimensional, vertically differentiated product characteristics that are customer specific (Mühlbacher, 2016).
Considering that buyers are typically presented with an option between a range of branded and non-branded goods, we believe that assessments of non-branded preference sets are skewed due to the greater experimental focus on the non-branded product. In other words, alternative-specific constants and interaction parameters are biased upwards, and attribute parameters are biased downwards, implying that in the absence of brand-specific information, respondents tend to make their purchase decisions primarily based on essential product characteristics rather than each credential attribute. A bundle of credence attributes, however, impacts their preferences in favor of the alternative product. Additionally, heterogeneity parameters are skewed upward due to enhanced complexity due to a lack of product brand knowledge. The marked and or non-marked product preferences are affected by the introduction of credentials into the product. In general, the results of the chosen credentials on non-branded goods are more robust, suggesting that credentials have a detrimental net mark impact on brand value. Additional knowledge of non-branded products improves reputation and decreases confusion regarding certain product quality(Mühlbacher, 2016).
An essential first step in identifying consumers’ relatively stable characteristics that affect the perceived value of mass customized products. Results suggest that product categories’ involvement provides an informative framework for examining consumer value for mass customized products and a meaningful way to segment markets for custom goods. Also, the three individual differential characteristics offer insight into market conditions where mass customization will succeed and those where it may fail. In practice, consumer-based research on mass customization lags far behind mass customization (Mühlbacher, 2016).
Consequently, marketing analysts and marketing professionals alike will profit from further inquiry into this critical subject. Marketing communications promoting attribute-level toolkits for early adopters would probably do well to incorporate information-rich messages that emphasize the benefits of a product in optimizing performance outcomes, enhancing its esthetic appeal, and matching the symbolic meaning with the consumer’s expressive desires. Companies may benefit from providing dynamic, attribute-based toolkits to innovators with a high degree of participation (Schindler, 2017).
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Sociology homework help

Required Readings

SOCW 6361 Webliography
These websites will be required throughout the semester. Become familiar with these websites, especially when doing research for your assignments.

Community Toolbox. (2016). Chapter 8 Section 6: Obtaining feedback from constituents: What change is feasible? Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/structure/strategic-planning/obtain-constituent-feedback/main 

Community Toolbox. (2016). 12. Evaluating the Initiative. Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/evaluating-initiative 

Jansson, B. S. (2018). Becoming an effective policy advocate: From policy practice to social justice  (8th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Series.
Chapter 14, “Assessing Policy: Toward Evidence-Based Policy During Task 8” (pp. 488-503)

Midgley, J., & Livermore, M. M. (Eds.) (2008). The handbook of social policy (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chapter 33, “The Future of Social Policy” (pp. 557–569) (PDF)

English, D. J., Brummel, S., & Martens, P. (2009). Fatherhood in the child welfare system: Evaluation of a pilot project to improve father involvement. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 3(3), 213–234.

Swank, E. W. (2012). Predictors of political activism among social work students. Journal of Social Work Education,48(2), 245–266.

Required Media

TEDx Talks. (2016, May 12). Problem-oriented policing: Where social work meets law enforcement: Derrick Jackson. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wK8glFZuQw8

Optional Resources

MSW home page
Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

Discussion 1: Policies and the Influence of Values

Ideology, politics, and the influence of values often override evidence-based policy. When there is evaluation conflict, a policy advocate must be prepared to defend his/her reasons for wanting to implement a policy. Because almost all proposed policies are circumscribed by politics (for reasons brought up by Jansson throughout the course when discussing the subtleties of policy implementation), you should be prepared for some conflict, ranging from having your research ignored, to having the accuracy of your data questioned, to having your personal values brought into question.
In this Discussion, you consider the assertion that the evaluation of specific policies is often strongly influenced by values. You also examine and evaluate ways to mitigate evaluation conflict to defend the feasibility of your policy.

By Day 3

Post a response to Jansson’s assertion that evaluating specific policies is strongly influenced by values with respect to the case of the evaluation of special services. How do the values of evaluation conflict adhere to social work values? What practices would you use to defend the feasibility of and effectiveness of your evidence-based policy?

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>Nursing homework help

Ethical considerations are important to guarantee the safety of research subjects and increase the inclusiveness of research study.  To address the drug abuse pandemic in the county, I had introduced a program that will implement interventions for early detection and follow-up services for impacted individuals. Studies have shown that detection and early intervention are the most effective way to help someone with substance abuse problem and prevent exacerbation of condition (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2016). Treatments of substance use disorders are cost-effective compared with no treatment, thus treatment plan can include medications, behavioral therapies, and recovery support services (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2016). It is evident that additional screening tools during admission and follow-up services after discharge can positively impact the quality and health outcomes of impacted patients.
Potential benefit is the early detection and treatment of individuals with drug use disorders. Individuals can receive appropriate treatment and follow-up for additional services that can help improve overall quality of life and health outcomes. Possible harms can be the possible stigmatization of individuals receiving such follow-up and treatment. People might be reluctant to join such programs because of stigma connected to receiving such treatment. I need to analyze my personal views and beliefs related to drug use disorders and minimize my implicit biases to stereotypes, which can negatively impact the implementation of intervention in my practice setting.  A study showed that professionals with more than 20 years of experience granted less importance on ethical values such as respect for the person and confidentiality, especially in primary care (Fernandez-Deito, Longo, & Hoyuelos, 2017). It is essential to be updated with cultural and ethical competencies in dealing with diverse patient population and research planning in any health care setting.
Objections might be raised when considering the vulnerable population related to drug use disorders. It is essential to give and receive consent regarding the possible harms and potential benefits of the research study. It is important that the consent be written in a level and language that the participant understands to avoid confusion and pressure to complete the research.  The inclusion in the study can bring stigmatization to participants and can potentially affect other aspects in life, but receiving such treatment and follow-up services can possibly improve the quality and health outcomes of participants.
References
Fernandez-Feito, A., Longo, M., & Hoyuelos, S. (2017). How work setting and job experience affect professional nurses’ values. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0969733017700238
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2016). Facing addiction in America: The Surgeon general’s report on alcohol, drugs, and health. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424859/v
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>Psychology homework help

Submit four sources you will review while researching your paper. You paper will require three referenced resources; selecting four now will ensure you have options to include in your final paper. This assignment is worth 20 points.
Due by the end of Week 2.
Check out these Evans Library Research Guides for assistance:

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Management homework help

When looking for information about a particular issue, how often do you try to resist biases toward your own point of view? This assignment asks you to engage in this aspect of critical thinking.
The assignment is divided into two (2) parts.
For Part I of the assignment (due Week 3), you read a critical thinking process: “The Believing Game and How to Make Conflicting Opinions More Fruitful” by Peter Elbow. , reviewed the Procon.org Website in order to gather information, and engaged in prewriting to examine your thoughts.
* Remember that in the Week 2 Discussion, you examined the biases discussed in Chapter 2 of the webtext.
In Part II of the assignment (due Week 5), you will write a paper to synthesize your ideas.
Part II – Writing
Write at three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

  1. State your position on the topic you selected for Assignment 1.1.
  2. Identify (3) three premises (reasons) from the Procon.org website that support your position and explain why you selected these specific reasons.
  3. Explain your answers to the “believing” questions about the three (3) premises opposing your position from the Procon.org website.
  4. Examine at least two (2) types of biases that you likely experienced as you evaluated the premises for and against your position.
  5. Discuss the effects of your own enculturation or group identification that may have influenced your biases.
  6. Discuss whether or not your thinking about the topic has changed after playing the “Believing Game,” even if your position on the issue has stayed the same.
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Why is the literature review a needed piece of a research proposal?

Psychology homework help
Assignment 1: Review of the Literature
In Module 1, you learned about the literature review process, which you will employ as part of your final research proposal in M5 Assignment 2 RA 2. In preparation for writing this literature review, in M3 Assignment 2 RA 1, you will submit an annotated bibliography of 6 peer-reviewed articles from the Argosy University online library resources and locate articles related to the topic of your research in the following categories:
· 2 quantitative studies
· 2 qualitative studies
· 1 mixed-methods study
· 1 theoretical or research design of your choice
As you work toward your discussion in this module, start searching the library databases for articles that may be a good fit for your M3 Assignment 2 RA 1and M5 Assignment 2 RA 2.
Then, in this module’s discussion, consider the following:
A strong literature review not only plays a foundational role for setting up a research proposal and/or dissertation but also plays an important role in the results and discussion section that is presented after the data has been collected and analyzed.
· Why is the literature review a needed piece of a research proposal? How can a weak literature review diminish a research proposal?
· Once the data has been collected and you are moving into the completion of the research report, how will you continue to pull from your literature review in the results and discussion section of your report?
· What search strategies did you use to locate articles from the Argosy University online library resources for your upcoming RAs?
Review the points of others and add additional examples, challenging a response or drawing conclusions from the response.
Post your response in a minimum of 300 words.
All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.
Submission Details:
· By the due date assigned, post your responses to this Discussion Area.
· Through the end of the module, respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts. While responding, compare the similarities and differences between what you have constructed and what your classmates have.

Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Quality of initial posting, including fulfillment of assignment instructions 16
Quality of responses to classmates 12
Frequency of responses to classmates 4
Reference to supporting readings and other materials 4
Language and grammar 4
Total: 40

· M2 Assignment 2 Submission
Assignment


Top of Form

·
Assignment
1:
Review
of
the
Literature
In
Module
1
, you learned about the literature review process, which you
will employ as part of your
final research proposal in
M5
Assignment
2
RA
2
. In preparation for writing this literature review, in
M3
Assignment
2
RA
1
, you will submit an annotated bibliography of 6 peer
–
reviewed
articles from the Argosy University online library resources and locat
e
articles related to the topic of your research in the following categories:
·
2 quantitative studies
·
2 qualitative studies

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